Leonova E I, Galzitskaya O V
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Pushchino Branch, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2013 Oct;78(10):1071-85. doi: 10.1134/S0006297913100015.
Syndecans constitute a family of transmembrane proteoglycans that perform multiple functions during development, damage repair, tumor growth, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Through mediating binding of a great number of extracellular ligands to their receptors, these proteoglycans trigger a cascade of reactions regulating, thereby, various processes in a cell: cytoskeleton formation, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. In fibroblasts, syndecans are responsible for cell adhesion by modulating functions of integrins through interaction with fibronectin at the external side of a cell and with cytoskeleton and signaling molecules inside the cell. The extracellular domain of syndecans is subjected to periodic shedding from the cell membrane. This process may be stimulated in response to inflammation, tissue damage, and other pathological manifestations. Cleaved domain may act as either competitive inhibitor or activator of signaling cascades. This review summarizes and analyzes the available data regarding structure, main biochemical properties, and functions of syndecans in vertebrates.
Syndecans是一类跨膜蛋白聚糖家族，在发育、损伤修复、肿瘤生长、血管生成和神经发生过程中发挥多种功能。通过介导大量细胞外配体与其受体的结合，这些蛋白聚糖引发一系列反应，从而调节细胞中的各种过程：细胞骨架形成、增殖、分化、黏附和迁移。在成纤维细胞中，Syndecans通过与细胞外侧的纤连蛋白以及细胞内的细胞骨架和信号分子相互作用来调节整合素的功能，从而负责细胞黏附。Syndecans的细胞外结构域会周期性地从细胞膜上脱落。这个过程可能会因炎症、组织损伤和其他病理表现而受到刺激。裂解的结构域可以作为信号级联的竞争性抑制剂或激活剂。这篇综述总结并分析了有关脊椎动物中Syndecans的结构、主要生化特性和功能的现有数据。
