Ho Jeffrey D, Dawes Donald M, Chang Richard J, Nelson Rebecca S, Miner James R
Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Meeker County Sheriff's Office, Litchfield, Minnesota.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Lompoc Valley Medical Center, Lompoc, California; Santa Barbara Police Department, Santa Barbara, California.
J Emerg Med. 2014 Mar;46(3):428-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.069. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
Conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) are used by law enforcement to restrain or repel potentially violent persons. The TASER X2 CEW is a next-generation device with new technology, including new electrical waveform and output specifications. It has not previously been studied in humans.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the human physiologic effect of a new-generation CEW.
This was a prospective, observational human study. Volunteers received a 10-s exposure via deployed probes from an X2 CEW in the abdomen and upper thigh. Measured data included vital signs; 12-lead electrocardiograms; and blood serum biomarkers before, immediately after, and 24 h post exposure. Biomarkers measured included pH, lactate, potassium, creatine kinase (CK), and troponin-I. Real-time spirometry and echocardiography were performed before, during, and after the exposure.
Ten volunteers completed the study. There were no important changes in vital signs or potassium. Median increase in lactate as a consequence of the exposure was 1.2 mg/dL (range 0.6-2.8 mg/dL). Median change in pH was -0.031 (range -0.011 to -0.067). No subject had a positive troponin. Median change in CK at 24 h was 313 ng/mL (range -40 to 3418 ng/mL). There was no evidence of respiratory impairment. Baseline median minute ventilation was 14.2 L/min, increased to 21.6 L/min intra-exposure (p = 0.05), and remained elevated at 21.6 L/min post exposure (p = 0.01).
There was no evidence of dangerous physiology found in the measured parameters. The physiologic effects of the X2 CEW are similar to older-generation CEWs. We encourage further study to validate these results.
执法部门使用导电电子武器（CEW）来约束或击退有潜在暴力倾向的人员。泰瑟X2 CEW是一款采用新技术的下一代设备，包括新的电波形和输出规格。此前尚未在人体中进行过研究。
本研究的目的是评估新一代CEW对人体的生理影响。
这是一项前瞻性观察性人体研究。志愿者通过X2 CEW展开的探头在腹部和大腿上部接受10秒的电击。测量的数据包括生命体征、12导联心电图以及暴露前、暴露后即刻和暴露后24小时的血清生物标志物。测量的生物标志物包括pH值、乳酸、钾、肌酸激酶（CK）和肌钙蛋白I。在暴露前、暴露期间和暴露后进行实时肺活量测定和超声心动图检查。
10名志愿者完成了研究。生命体征或钾水平没有显著变化。暴露导致乳酸中位数增加1.2mg/dL（范围为0.6 - 2.8mg/dL）。pH值的中位数变化为 -0.031（范围为 -0.011至 -0.067）。没有受试者肌钙蛋白呈阳性。24小时时CK的中位数变化为313ng/mL（范围为 -40至3418ng/mL）。没有呼吸功能受损的证据。基线分钟通气量中位数为14.2L/min，暴露期间增加到21.6L/min（p = 0.05），暴露后仍保持在21.6L/min（p = 0.01）。
在所测量的参数中没有发现危险生理状况的证据。X2 CEW的生理效应与老一代CEW相似。我们鼓励进一步研究以验证这些结果。
