Köhler C, Swanson L W, Haglund L, Wu J Y
Neuroscience. 1985 Sep;16(1):85-110. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(85)90049-1.
The normal morphology, efferent projections and possible neurotransmitter content of neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (caudal magnocellular nuclei of Bleier et al.) [Bleier, Cohn and Siggelkow (1979) In Anatomy of the Hypothalamus, Vol. 1, pp. 137-220] have been examined in the adult male rat. In Nissl-stained sections, the nucleus can be divided into a dorsomedial, ventral and diffuse part, each of which consists of large, darkly stained neurons cradling the mammillary body. The ventral part is by far the largest and consists of some 2500 neurons on each side of the brain. Immunohistochemical studies indicate that a majority of the large neurons in all three parts of the nucleus stain with antisera against glutamate decarboxylase and [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7 heptapeptide and that a smaller subset of these neurons (about 10%) also stain with an antiserum against substance P. Single injections of retrogradely transported fluorescent tracers were made into 18 different sites in 86 animals and the results indicate that all three parts of the tuberomammillary nucleus on one side of the brain send fibers to or through various parts of the neocortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala, basal ganglia, thalamus, superior colliculus and cerebellum on both sides of the brain and that the projection neurons are not organized in a highly topographic way. Injections of two different fluorescent tracers in the same animal indicate that individual neurons in the nucleus may give rise to both ascending and descending projections, as well as projections to widely divergent parts of the forebrain. Together with previous results, this evidence suggests that the tuberomammillary nucleus has widespread projections to the numerous brain structure located in the forebrain and in the caudal medulla (it may not project to the spinal cord), and that its axons may release a mixture of neuroactive substances including gamma-amino butyrate and several peptides. Although its functional significance remains to be investigated, morphological evidence suggests that the tuberomammillary nucleus may constitute one of a series of neurotransmitter-specific cell groups in the brainstem and basal forebrain with diffuse efferent projections that may be involved in the modulation of attention or behavioral state, rather than the processing of specific sensory or motor information.
在成年雄性大鼠中，对结节乳头体核（Bleier等人的尾侧大细胞核）[Bleier、Cohn和Siggelkow（1979年），《下丘脑解剖学》第1卷，第137 - 220页]中神经元的正常形态、传出投射以及可能的神经递质含量进行了研究。在尼氏染色切片中，该核可分为背内侧、腹侧和弥散部分，每一部分都由围绕乳头体的大的、深染神经元组成。腹侧部分是迄今为止最大的，每侧大脑约有2500个神经元。免疫组织化学研究表明，该核所有三个部分中的大多数大神经元都用抗谷氨酸脱羧酶和[Met]脑啡肽 - Arg6 - Phe7七肽的抗血清染色，并且这些神经元中的一小部分（约10%）也用抗P物质的抗血清染色。对86只动物的18个不同部位进行了逆行运输荧光示踪剂的单次注射，结果表明，一侧大脑的结节乳头体核的所有三个部分都向两侧大脑的新皮质、海马结构、杏仁核、基底神经节、丘脑、上丘和小脑的各个部位发送纤维或通过这些部位，并且投射神经元并非以高度拓扑的方式组织。在同一只动物中注射两种不同的荧光示踪剂表明，该核中的单个神经元可能产生上行和下行投射，以及向前脑广泛不同部位的投射。与先前的结果一起，这一证据表明，结节乳头体核向前脑和尾侧延髓中的众多脑结构有广泛投射（它可能不投射到脊髓），并且其轴突可能释放包括γ - 氨基丁酸和几种肽在内的多种神经活性物质的混合物。尽管其功能意义仍有待研究，但形态学证据表明，结节乳头体核可能构成脑干和基底前脑中一系列神经递质特异性细胞群之一，具有弥散的传出投射，可能参与注意力或行为状态的调节，而不是特定感觉或运动信息的处理。
