a Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany;
Radiat Res. 2013 Dec;180(6):622-37. doi: 10.1667/RR13148.1. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
Astronauts working and living in space are exposed to considerably higher doses and different qualities of ionizing radiation than people on Earth. The multilateral MATROSHKA (MTR) experiment, coordinated by the German Aerospace Center, represents the most comprehensive effort to date in radiation protection dosimetry in space using an anthropomorphic upper-torso phantom used for radiotherapy treatment planning. The anthropomorphic upper-torso phantom maps the radiation distribution as a simulated human body installed outside (MTR-1) and inside different compartments (MTR-2A: Pirs; MTR-2B: Zvezda) of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. Thermoluminescence dosimeters arranged in a 2.54 cm orthogonal grid, at the site of vital organs and on the surface of the phantom allow for visualization of the absorbed dose distribution with superior spatial resolution. These results should help improve the estimation of radiation risks for long-term human space exploration and support benchmarking of radiation transport codes.
宇航员在太空工作和生活所受到的电离辐射剂量要比地球上的人高得多，且辐射种类也有所不同。由德国航空航天中心协调的多边 MATROSHKA（MTR）实验是迄今为止使用用于放射治疗计划的拟人上半身体模在太空辐射防护剂量学方面最全面的努力。拟人上半身体模将辐射分布映射为安装在外部（MTR-1）和内部不同隔室（MTR-2A：Pirs；MTR-2B：Zvezda）的模拟人体，以俄罗斯部分的国际空间站。在重要器官的位置和体模表面以 2.54 厘米正交网格排列的热释光剂量计允许以更高的空间分辨率可视化吸收剂量分布。这些结果应该有助于提高对长期人类太空探索的辐射风险的估计，并支持辐射传输代码的基准测试。
