Kim David S, Weber Tobias, Straube Ulrich, Hellweg Christine E, Nasser Mona, Green David A, Fogtman Anna
Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany.
Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Apr 29;8:585483. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.585483. eCollection 2021.
There is a need to investigate new countermeasures against the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation as deep space exploration missions are on the horizon. In this systematic review, the effects of physical exercise upon ionizing radiation-induced damage were evaluated. Systematic searches were performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and the databases from space agencies. Of 2,798 publications that were screened, 22 studies contained relevant data that were further extracted and analyzed. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed. Due to the high level of heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not performed. Five outcome groups were assessed by calculating Hedges' effect sizes and visualized using effect size plots. Exercise decreased radiation-induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation, while increasing antioxidant activity. Although the results were highly heterogeneous, there was evidence for a beneficial effect of exercise in cellular, clinical, and functional outcomes. Out of 72 outcomes, 68 showed a beneficial effect of physical training when exposed to ionizing radiation. As the first study to investigate a potential protective mechanism of physical exercise against radiation effects in a systematic review, the current findings may help inform medical capabilities of human spaceflight and may also be relevant for terrestrial clinical care such as radiation oncology.
随着深空探测任务即将到来，有必要研究针对电离辐射有害影响的新对策。在这项系统评价中，评估了体育锻炼对电离辐射所致损伤的影响。在 Medline、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆以及各太空机构的数据库中进行了系统检索。在所筛选的 2798 篇出版物中，有 22 项研究包含相关数据，并对其进行了进一步提取和分析。评估了纳入研究的偏倚风险。由于异质性程度较高，未进行荟萃分析。通过计算 Hedges 效应量评估了五个结果组，并使用效应量图进行可视化展示。运动减少了辐射诱导的 DNA 损伤、氧化应激和炎症，同时增加了抗氧化活性。尽管结果高度异质性，但有证据表明运动在细胞、临床和功能结果方面具有有益作用。在 72 项结果中，68 项显示在暴露于电离辐射时体育锻炼具有有益作用。作为第一项在系统评价中研究体育锻炼对辐射效应潜在保护机制的研究，当前的研究结果可能有助于为载人航天的医疗能力提供信息，也可能与放射肿瘤学等地面临床护理相关。
