5-羟甲基胞嘧啶：癌症表观遗传学的新见解
5-hydroxymethylcytosine: a new insight into epigenetics in cancer.
作者信息
Ye Chao, Li Lan
机构信息
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; School of Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
出版信息
Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Jan;15(1):10-5. doi: 10.4161/cbt.27144. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
Abstract
DNA methylation at the 5 position of cytosine (5-mC) has emerged as a key epigenetic marker that plays essential roles in various biological and pathological processes. 5-mC can be converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family proteins, which is now widely recognized as the "sixth base" in the mammalian genome, following 5-mC, the "fifth base". 5-hmC is detected to be abundant in brain and embryonic stem cells, and is also distributed in many different human tissues. Emerging evidence has shown that 5-hmC and TET family might serve unique biological roles in many biological processes such as gene control mechanisms, DNA methylation regulation, and involved in many diseases, especially cancers. In this paper we provide an overview of the role of 5-hmC as a new sight of epigenetics in human cancer.
摘要
胞嘧啶第5位的DNA甲基化（5-甲基胞嘧啶，5-mC）已成为一种关键的表观遗传标记，在各种生物学和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。5-甲基胞嘧啶可被TET（ten-eleven translocation）家族蛋白转化为5-羟甲基胞嘧啶（5-hmC），5-羟甲基胞嘧啶现在被广泛认为是哺乳动物基因组中的“第六碱基”，仅次于“第五碱基”5-甲基胞嘧啶。据检测，5-羟甲基胞嘧啶在脑和胚胎干细胞中含量丰富，也分布于许多不同的人体组织中。新出现的证据表明，5-羟甲基胞嘧啶和TET家族可能在许多生物学过程中发挥独特的生物学作用，如基因调控机制、DNA甲基化调节，并与许多疾病尤其是癌症有关。在本文中，我们概述了5-羟甲基胞嘧啶作为人类癌症表观遗传学新视角的作用。
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