Schauer Gillian L, Malarcher Ann M, Zhang Lei, Engstrom Martha C, Zhu Shu-Hong
Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA;
Nicotine Tob Res. 2014 May;16(5):544-53. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntt181. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
Tobacco quitlines are evidence-based cessation resources that have been underutilized. The purpose of this study is to provide population-level data about quitline awareness and utilization in the United States and to assess correlates of awareness and utilization.
Data were from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey. Descriptive statistics were produced for national- and state-level quitline awareness and for national quitline utilization. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify correlates of quitline awareness and utilization.
Quitline awareness among the total sample was 33.9% (current smokers 53.9%, former smokers 34.0%, never-smokers 27.0%). Awareness varied by state (range: 35.8%-84.6% for current smokers). Among current smokers who tried to quit in the past year, correlates of lower awareness included being Black, non-Hispanic, and making <$50,000 annually; correlates of higher awareness included having seen a health professional, higher state tobacco program expenditures, and being female. Among smokers who made at least one quit attempt in the previous year and were aware of the quitline, quitline utilization was 7.8%. Higher state tobacco program expenditure, health professional advice, and being Black, non-Hispanic were correlated with higher utilization; older age was correlated with lower utilization. Awareness was significantly associated with use at the state level (r = .98, p < .01).
Although the majority of smokers in the United States are aware of quitlines, only a small percentage of those trying to quit utilize them. State tobacco program expenditures and receipt of advice from a health professional were associated with both higher quitline awareness and higher utilization.
戒烟热线是基于证据的戒烟资源，但一直未得到充分利用。本研究的目的是提供关于美国戒烟热线知晓率和利用率的人群水平数据，并评估知晓率和利用率的相关因素。
数据来自2009 - 2010年全国成人烟草调查。对全国和州一级的戒烟热线知晓率以及全国戒烟热线利用率进行了描述性统计。使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归来确定戒烟热线知晓率和利用率的相关因素。
总样本中的戒烟热线知晓率为33.9%（当前吸烟者为53.9%，既往吸烟者为34.0%，从不吸烟者为27.0%）。知晓率因州而异（当前吸烟者的知晓率范围为35.8% - 84.6%）。在过去一年中尝试戒烟的当前吸烟者中，知晓率较低的相关因素包括为黑人、非西班牙裔且年收入低于5万美元；知晓率较高的相关因素包括看过医疗专业人员、州烟草项目支出较高以及为女性。在前一年至少尝试戒烟一次且知晓戒烟热线的吸烟者中，戒烟热线利用率为7.8%。州烟草项目支出较高、医疗专业人员的建议以及为黑人、非西班牙裔与较高的利用率相关；年龄较大与较低的利用率相关。在州一级，知晓率与使用率显著相关（r = 0.98，p < 0.01）。
尽管美国大多数吸烟者知晓戒烟热线，但尝试戒烟的人中只有一小部分使用了它们。州烟草项目支出和从医疗专业人员处获得建议与较高的戒烟热线知晓率和较高的利用率均相关。
