Colston David C, Cruz Jennifer L, Simard Bethany J, Fleischer Nancy L
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
AJPM Focus. 2022 Oct 29;2(1):100042. doi: 10.1016/j.focus.2022.100042. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Cigarette smoking is a public health problem in the U.S. and is marked by pervasive sociodemographic disparities. State-run quitlines may offer greater access to cessation services that could in turn help to reduce smoking disparities. The aim of this review was to synthesize the body of literature regarding sociodemographic disparities in the utilization and effectiveness of state-run quitlines.
The PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this review. Included articles were published between January 1, 1992 and May 28, 2019 and sourced from PubMed and Web of Science. Studies that evaluated state-run quitline utilization or effectiveness (cessation) by sex, race/ethnicity, sexual or gender identity, or SES (income, education, insurance) were included.
Our search yielded 2,091 unique articles, 17 of which met the criteria for inclusion. This review found that quitline utilization was higher among Black and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals than among White individuals and among people with lower income and lower education than among people with higher income and higher education. Quitline use was associated with less smoking cessation among females than among males, among American Indian/Alaskan Native individuals than among individuals from all other races and ethnicities, and among individuals of lower than among those of higher income and education.
This review found that although communities disproportionately affected by smoking utilize quitlines more commonly than their White and more affluent peers, disparities in cessation persist for American Indian/Alaskan Native and individuals from lower SES groups who use quitlines.
吸烟在美国是一个公共卫生问题，存在普遍的社会人口统计学差异。由政府运营的戒烟热线可能会提供更多获得戒烟服务的机会，进而有助于减少吸烟差异。本综述的目的是综合有关政府运营的戒烟热线在利用情况和效果方面的社会人口统计学差异的文献。
本综述遵循PRISMA指南进行。纳入的文章发表于1992年1月1日至2019年5月28日之间，来源为PubMed和科学网。纳入的研究评估了按性别、种族/族裔、性取向或性别认同或社会经济地位（收入、教育、保险）划分的政府运营的戒烟热线利用情况或效果（戒烟情况）。
我们的检索共得到2091篇独特的文章，其中17篇符合纳入标准。本综述发现，黑人以及亚裔/太平洋岛民个体使用戒烟热线的比例高于白人个体，收入和教育程度较低者使用戒烟热线的比例高于收入和教育程度较高者。女性使用戒烟热线后成功戒烟的比例低于男性，美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民个体使用戒烟热线后成功戒烟的比例低于所有其他种族和族裔的个体，收入和教育程度较低者使用戒烟热线后成功戒烟的比例低于收入和教育程度较高者。
本综述发现，尽管受吸烟影响较大的社区比白人和更富裕的同龄人更普遍地使用戒烟热线，但美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民以及社会经济地位较低且使用戒烟热线的个体在戒烟方面仍存在差异。
