Crop Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 39762-5367, Mississippi, Mississippi State.
J Chem Ecol. 1992 Feb;18(2):105-14. doi: 10.1007/BF00993746.
Asiatic cottons [Gossypium arboreum (L.)] have been investigated as a source of resistance to the tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (Fab.)] because their diversely colored petals have been presumed to contain various allelochemicals. However, we found that larvae fedG. arboreum squares (buds) grew about equally compared with those fed squares from commercialG. hirsutum lines. The best source of resistance was found in severalG. hirsutum double-haploid (DH) lines. In our investigation of allelochemicals, G.arboreum lines were found to contain much less gossypol in leaves, squares (buds), and petals thanG. hirsutum L. lines. Flavonoids were significantly higher inG. arboreum lines only in petals. Of 22G. arboreum lines from which squares were gathered and fed to tobacco budworm (TBW) larvae in the laboratory, larval growth was not significantly decreased on any, but larval survival was decreased on six. When the square flavonoids were isolated and incorporated in laboratory diets for the TBW, moderate toxicity was observed. However, the estimated toxicities were not greater than those of the same flavonoid isolates fromG. hirsutum lines. The most prevalent flavonoids, all previously found in G.arboreum plant tissues, were gossypetin 8-0-glucoside and gossypetin 8-0-rhamnoside, neither of which were present inG. hirsutum tissue. Quercetin 3-0-glucoside, quercetin-3'-0-glucoside, and quercetin 7-0-glucoside were also present in significant amounts in both species. Gossypetin 8-0-rhamnoside and gossypetin 8-0-glucoside were the most toxic flavonoids tested (the ED50% was estimated to be 0.007 and 0.024) and therefore may prove to be contributing factors of resistance to TBW feeding.
亚洲棉（Gossypium arboreum（L.））已被研究为对烟草夜蛾（Heliothis virescens（Fab.））的抗性来源，因为其颜色多样的花瓣被认为含有各种化感物质。然而，我们发现，与喂食商业种植的陆地棉（G. hirsutum）品种的棉铃相比，喂食亚洲棉棉铃（花蕾）的幼虫生长情况大致相同。在几种陆地棉双单倍体（DH）系中发现了最佳的抗性来源。在我们对化感物质的研究中，发现亚洲棉系的叶片、棉铃（花蕾）和花瓣中的棉酚含量明显低于陆地棉系。仅在花瓣中，亚洲棉系的类黄酮含量显著高于陆地棉系。从收集棉铃并在实验室中喂食烟草夜蛾幼虫的 22 个亚洲棉系中，没有任何一个系的幼虫生长显著减少，但有 6 个系的幼虫存活率降低。当将棉铃中的类黄酮分离并掺入烟草夜蛾的实验室饮食中时，观察到中等毒性。然而，估计的毒性并不大于来自陆地棉系的相同类黄酮分离物的毒性。最常见的类黄酮，以前都在亚洲棉植物组织中发现，是棉黄素 8-0-葡萄糖苷和棉黄素 8-0-鼠李糖苷，这两种物质都不存在于陆地棉组织中。在这两个物种中，还存在大量的槲皮素 3-0-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3'-0-葡萄糖苷和槲皮素 7-0-葡萄糖苷。棉黄素 8-0-鼠李糖苷和棉黄素 8-0-葡萄糖苷是测试过的最具毒性的类黄酮（ED50%估计分别为 0.007 和 0.024），因此可能是对烟草夜蛾取食产生抗性的因素之一。
