*Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Hôpital Saint-Luc, Pavillon Édouard-Asselin, Local 402, 264 boulevard René-Lévesque Est, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 1P1.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2013 Dec;41(6):1518-24. doi: 10.1042/BST20130237.
The multifunctional properties of astrocytes signify their importance in brain physiology and neurological function. In addition to defining the brain architecture, astrocytes are primary elements of brain ion, pH and neurotransmitter homoeostasis. GS (glutamine synthetase), which catalyses the ATP-dependent condensation of ammonia and glutamate to form glutamine, is an enzyme particularly found in astrocytes. GS plays a pivotal role in glutamate and glutamine homoeostasis, orchestrating astrocyte glutamate uptake/release and the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Furthermore, astrocytes bear the brunt of clearing ammonia in the brain, preventing neurotoxicity. The present review depicts the central function of astrocytes, concentrating on the importance of GS in glutamate/glutamine metabolism and ammonia detoxification in health and disease.
星形胶质细胞的多功能特性表明了它们在大脑生理学和神经功能中的重要性。除了定义大脑结构外，星形胶质细胞还是大脑离子、pH 值和神经递质动态平衡的主要组成部分。GS（谷氨酰胺合成酶），催化氨和谷氨酸与 ATP 依赖性缩合形成谷氨酰胺，是一种特别存在于星形胶质细胞中的酶。GS 在谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺动态平衡中起着关键作用，协调星形胶质细胞谷氨酸摄取/释放和谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环。此外，星形胶质细胞在清除大脑中的氨方面承受着巨大的压力，以防止神经毒性。本综述描述了星形胶质细胞的核心功能，重点介绍了 GS 在谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺代谢以及健康和疾病中氨解毒中的重要性。
