Department of Pediatrics and Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Dec;57 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):S182-4. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit609.
The association between congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was first described almost 50 years ago. Studies over the intervening decades have further described the relationship between congenital CMV infection and SNHL in children. However, congenital CMV infection remains a leading cause of SNHL in children in the United States and the world today. As more CMV infections are identified, it is important to recognize that infants who are born to seroimmune mothers are not completely protected from SNHL, although their hearing loss is often milder than that seen in CMV-infected infants following primary maternal infections. Late-onset and progressive hearing losses occur following congenital CMV infection, and CMV-infected infants should be evaluated regularly to provide for early detection of hearing loss and appropriate intervention. Fluctuating hearing loss that is not explained by concurrent middle ear infections is another characteristic of CMV-related hearing loss in children. Challenges still remain in predicting which children with congenital CMV infection will develop hearing loss and, among those who do develop loss, whether or not the loss will continue to deteriorate.
先天性巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染与感音神经性听力损失（SNHL）之间的关联最早是在近 50 年前描述的。在过去几十年的研究中，进一步描述了先天性 CMV 感染与儿童 SNHL 之间的关系。然而，先天性 CMV 感染仍然是美国和当今世界儿童 SNHL 的主要原因。随着更多 CMV 感染的被发现，重要的是要认识到，来自血清免疫母亲的婴儿并非完全免受 SNHL 的影响，尽管他们的听力损失通常比原发性母体感染后的 CMV 感染婴儿的听力损失要轻。先天性 CMV 感染后会出现迟发性和进行性听力损失，因此应定期对 CMV 感染的婴儿进行评估，以便及早发现听力损失并进行适当的干预。波动的听力损失，不能用同时存在的中耳感染来解释，这是儿童 CMV 相关听力损失的另一个特征。在预测哪些先天性 CMV 感染的儿童会发生听力损失，以及在发生听力损失的儿童中，听力损失是否会继续恶化方面，仍存在挑战。
