Shields Margot, Garner Rochelle E, Wilkins Kathryn
Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.
Health Rep. 2013 Feb;24(2):3-11.
People who smoke are at increased risk of lung and other cancers, heart attack, stroke, chronic lung disease and premature death. After smoking cessation, these risks diminish, but little is known about the time required to regain the level of health of people who have never smoked. This analysis describes trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in relation to smoking status, focusing on the time required for former smokers to achieve an HRQL level similar to that of never-smokers.
Data were from nine cycles (1994/1995 through 2010/2011) of the National Population Health Survey. Analyses were based on longitudinal data for 3,341 men and 4,143 women aged 40 or older in 1994/1995. Multi-level growth modelling was used to describe HRQL trajectories over the 16-year follow-up period in relation to smoking status, which was updated every two years.
Across all ages and for both sexes, persistent smokers had lower HRQL than did never-smokers. Among men, HRQL improved after 5 years of quitting; after 20 years, HRQL was similar to that of never-smokers. Among women, after 10 years of cessation, the HRQL of former smokers was clinically similar to that of those who had never smoked.
At any age, and for both men and women, long-term smoking cessation results in improvements in HRQL.
吸烟者患肺癌及其他癌症、心脏病发作、中风、慢性肺病和过早死亡的风险会增加。戒烟后，这些风险会降低，但对于恢复到从不吸烟者的健康水平所需的时间，人们知之甚少。本分析描述了与吸烟状况相关的健康相关生活质量（HRQL）轨迹，重点关注前吸烟者达到与从不吸烟者相似的HRQL水平所需的时间。
数据来自全国人口健康调查的九个周期（1994/1995年至2010/2011年）。分析基于1994/1995年年龄在40岁及以上的3341名男性和4143名女性的纵向数据。采用多层次增长模型来描述在16年随访期内与吸烟状况相关的HRQL轨迹，吸烟状况每两年更新一次。
在所有年龄段和两性中，持续吸烟者的HRQL均低于从不吸烟者。在男性中，戒烟5年后HRQL有所改善；20年后，HRQL与从不吸烟者相似。在女性中，戒烟10年后，前吸烟者的HRQL在临床上与从未吸烟者相似。
在任何年龄，无论男性还是女性，长期戒烟都会使HRQL得到改善。
