Krall E A, Dawson-Hughes B, Garvey A J, Garcia R I
Boston University, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, MA 02118, USA.
J Dent Res. 1997 Oct;76(10):1653-9. doi: 10.1177/00220345970760100601.
Smoking is associated with an increased risk of tooth loss, but it is not known if this risk decreases significantly when individuals quit smoking. The objectives of this study were to describe the rates of tooth loss by smoking status in two populations of medically healthy men and women. Among the men, rates of tooth loss and edentulism in relation to smoking cessation were also evaluated. The subjects were drawn from a group of 584 women (aged 40 to 70) recruited from the Boston, MA, area and a separate population of 1231 male veterans (aged 21 to 75) who participated in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study in Boston. In cross-sectional baseline analyses, current cigarette smokers of either sex had significantly more missing teeth than never-smokers or former smokers. Former smokers and pipe or cigar smokers tended to have an intermediate number of missing teeth. Current male smokers had more teeth with calculus, but the differences in plaque, tooth mobility, probing depth > 2 mm, filled and decayed teeth, and bleeding on probing by smoking history were not significant. Prospective observations of 248 women (mean follow-up time = 6 +/- 2 years) and 977 men (mean = 18 +/- 7 years) indicated that individuals who continued to smoke cigarettes had 2.4-fold (men) to 3.5-fold risk (women) of tooth loss compared with non-smokers. The rates of tooth loss in men were significantly reduced after they quit smoking cigarettes but remained higher than those in non-smokers. Men who smoked cigarettes had a 4.5-fold increase in risk of edentulism, and this risk also decreased upon smoking cessation. These findings indicate that the risk of tooth loss is greater among cigarette smokers than among non-smokers. Smoking cessation significantly benefits an individual's likelihood of tooth retention, but it may take decades for the individual to return to the rate of tooth loss observed in non-smokers.
吸烟与牙齿脱落风险增加有关，但尚不清楚个体戒烟后这种风险是否会显著降低。本研究的目的是描述两组身体健康的男性和女性人群中按吸烟状况划分的牙齿脱落率。在男性中，还评估了与戒烟相关的牙齿脱落和无牙率。研究对象来自从马萨诸塞州波士顿地区招募的584名女性（年龄40至70岁）以及参与波士顿退伍军人事务部牙科纵向研究的1231名男性退伍军人（年龄21至75岁）。在横断面基线分析中，无论男女，当前吸烟者缺失的牙齿明显多于从不吸烟者或曾经吸烟者。曾经吸烟者以及吸烟斗或雪茄者的缺失牙数量往往处于中间水平。当前男性吸烟者的牙齿结石更多，但按吸烟史划分，在牙菌斑、牙齿松动度、探诊深度>2mm、补牙和龋齿以及探诊出血方面的差异并不显著。对248名女性（平均随访时间=6±2年）和977名男性（平均=18±7年）的前瞻性观察表明，与不吸烟者相比，继续吸烟的个体牙齿脱落风险为2.4倍（男性）至3.5倍（女性）。男性戒烟后牙齿脱落率显著降低，但仍高于不吸烟者。吸烟男性患无牙症的风险增加4.5倍，戒烟后这种风险也会降低。这些发现表明，吸烟者的牙齿脱落风险高于不吸烟者。戒烟对个体保留牙齿的可能性有显著益处，但个体可能需要数十年才能恢复到不吸烟者观察到的牙齿脱落率。
