Gerontology program, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Campinas, SP, 126, Brazil.
School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W Nevada St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019 Jan 3;17(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12955-018-1072-y.
Research on quality of life QOL is limited in Brazil and few studies have examined the association between smoking status and quality of life. This study addresses this gap and also examines the association between smoking, nicotine dependence, and duration of smoking cessation on (QOL) among older adults in an urban area in Brazil.
Data are from a household survey conducted in urban areas of Uberaba, Brazil, in 2012 (n = 980). Multivariable linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between smoking, nicotine dependence based on Fageström test, and smoking cessation on the World Health Organization Quality of Life WHOQOL-BREF and Quality of Life Assessment for Older Adults WHOQOL-OLD.
The mean age of older adults in the study was 74.0 (SD = 6.9 years) and 64% of participants were women. The majority, 55% had never smoked, 12.4% were current smokers, and 32.7% were past-smokers. Current smokers had lower scores for social participation (β = - 2.6) and intimacy (β = - 3.8) than never smokers. Smokers with high or very high dependence reported higher levels of fear and concern about death and pain before death than those with low or very low dependence (β = - 10.6). However, smokers with medium levels of nicotine dependence had higher scores on social relationship. Longer cessation time was positively associated with higher scores for psychological health.
Except for the positive association between medium levels of nicotine dependence and better social relationships, smoking and higher levels of nicotine dependence were associated with worse QOL among older adults in Brazil. Nonetheless, smoking cessation had positive effects in QOL. Campaigns targeting older adults should point to the negative impact of tobacco use on QOL and the benefits of smoking cessation.
巴西的生活质量（QOL）研究有限，很少有研究调查吸烟状况与生活质量之间的关系。本研究旨在填补这一空白，并探讨吸烟、尼古丁依赖程度以及戒烟持续时间与巴西城市老年人生活质量之间的关系。
数据来自巴西乌贝兰迪亚市 2012 年进行的一项家庭调查（n=980）。采用多变量线性回归分析评估吸烟、基于 Fageström 测试的尼古丁依赖以及戒烟与世界卫生组织生活质量量表（WHOQOL-BREF）和老年人生活质量评估量表（WHOQOL-OLD）之间的关系。
研究中老年人的平均年龄为 74.0（SD=6.9 岁），64%为女性。大多数（55%）从未吸烟，12.4%为当前吸烟者，32.7%为过去吸烟者。与从不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者的社会参与度（β=-2.6）和亲密关系（β=-3.8）得分较低。依赖性高或极高的吸烟者比依赖性低或极低的吸烟者报告更高的对死亡的恐惧和担忧以及对死亡前疼痛的担忧（β=-10.6）。然而，中水平尼古丁依赖的吸烟者在社会关系方面的得分更高。戒烟时间越长，心理健康得分越高。
除了中水平尼古丁依赖与更好的社会关系之间的正相关关系外，吸烟和更高水平的尼古丁依赖与巴西老年人生活质量较差有关。然而，戒烟对生活质量有积极影响。针对老年人的宣传活动应指出烟草使用对生活质量的负面影响以及戒烟的益处。
