Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 Jan;58(1):33-48. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300277. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
Obesity and related metabolic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension) are the most prevailing nutrition-related issues in the world. An emerging feature of obesity is their relationship with chronic inflammation that begins in white adipose tissue and eventually becomes systemic. One potential dietary strategy to reduce glucose intolerance and inflammation is consumption of polyphenol-rich cocoa-like cocoa or their by-products. In vitro as well as in vivo data indicate that cocoa polyphenols (CPs) may exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Polyphenols commonly found in cocoa have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism via inducing metabolic gene expression or activating transcription factors that regulate the expression of numerous genes, many of which play an important role in energy metabolism. Currently, several molecular targets (e.g., nuclear factor Kappa B, activated protein-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, and adiponectin gene) have been identified, which may explain potential beneficial obesity-associated diseases effects of CPs. Further studies have been performed regarding the protective effects of CPs against metabolic diseases by suppressing transcription factors that antagonize lipid accumulation. Thus, polyphenols-rich cocoa products may diminish obesity-mediated metabolic diseases by multiple mechanisms, thereby attenuating chronic inflammation.
肥胖症和相关代谢性疾病（如 2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病和高血压）是目前全球最普遍的营养相关问题。肥胖症的一个新特征是其与慢性炎症的关系，这种炎症始于白色脂肪组织，最终发展为全身性炎症。减少葡萄糖不耐受和炎症的一种潜在饮食策略是食用富含多酚的类可可或其副产品。体外和体内数据表明，可可多酚（CPs）可能具有抗氧化和抗炎特性。已报道可可中常见的多酚通过诱导代谢基因表达或激活调节许多基因表达的转录因子来调节脂质代谢，其中许多基因在能量代谢中发挥重要作用。目前，已经确定了几个分子靶点（例如核因子 Kappa B、激活蛋白-1、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体、肝 X 受体和脂联素基因），这些靶点可能解释了 CPs 对肥胖相关疾病的潜在有益作用。进一步的研究已经针对 CPs 通过抑制拮抗脂质积累的转录因子来对抗代谢性疾病的保护作用进行了研究。因此，富含多酚的可可产品可能通过多种机制减轻肥胖介导的代谢性疾病，从而减轻慢性炎症。
