Ginel Pedro J, Hernández Eduardo, Lucena Rosario, Blanco Beatriz, Novales Manuel, Mozos Elena
Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
Vet Dermatol. 2014 Feb;25(1):29-e10. doi: 10.1111/vde.12092. Epub 2013 Nov 25.
Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is a common cause of pruritus in horses, but there are few controlled studies on the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). Atopic dermatitis and IBH can present with overlapping clinical signs; multiple insect and environmental allergens could be indicated in these horses to achieve effective hyposensitization. Although the success of ASIT using Culicoides spp. whole-body extracts is controversial, there are no controlled studies published that clearly show benefit from this form of therapy.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ASIT in horses with IBH using commercially available extracts and tests.
Twenty horses with seasonal pruritus and positive intradermal reactions to a whole Culicoides extract.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (Allercept(®) ) was used to detect concurrent allergen-specific IgE for other insects and environmental allergens. The ASIT was formulated by adding the relevant serologically positive allergens to the Culicoides extract. After randomization, 10 horses received ASIT and the rest a placebo solution. Clinical response was assessed every 4 months during 1 year using a clinical scoring system based on the severity of four clinical signs at 10 different body regions. Horses were not stabled and, to minimize dropouts, an insect repellent was used weekly in both groups.
Differences in clinical scores between groups were nonsignificant at any re-evaluation, while both groups improved to a similar extent, probably due to the insecticide treatment.
Using commercially available extracts and tests, we could not demonstrate a beneficial effect of 1 year multiple ASIT in nonstabled horses with IBH.
昆虫叮咬超敏反应（IBH）是马匹瘙痒的常见原因，但关于变应原特异性免疫疗法（ASIT）疗效的对照研究很少。特应性皮炎和IBH可能表现出重叠的临床症状；这些马匹可能存在多种昆虫和环境变应原，以实现有效的脱敏。尽管使用库蠓属全虫提取物进行ASIT的成功率存在争议，但尚未发表明确显示这种治疗形式有益的对照研究。
假设/目的：目的是使用市售提取物和检测方法评估ASIT对患有IBH的马匹的疗效。
20匹有季节性瘙痒且对库蠓全虫提取物皮内反应呈阳性的马匹。
采用酶联免疫吸附试验（Allercept®）检测其他昆虫和环境变应原的变应原特异性IgE。通过将相关血清学阳性变应原添加到库蠓提取物中来配制ASIT。随机分组后，10匹马接受ASIT，其余接受安慰剂溶液。在1年期间，每4个月使用基于10个不同身体部位4种临床症状严重程度的临床评分系统评估临床反应。马匹不圈养，为尽量减少退出情况，两组每周都使用驱虫剂。
在任何重新评估时，两组之间的临床评分差异均无统计学意义，而两组的改善程度相似，可能是由于杀虫剂治疗。
使用市售提取物和检测方法，我们无法证明1年多次ASIT对未圈养的患有IBH的马匹有有益效果。
