Cox Abbey, Stewart Allison J
School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton, 5391 Warrego Highway, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Aug 4;13(15):2514. doi: 10.3390/ani13152514.
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH, Queensland itch, sweet itch, equine summer eczema) is the most common pruritic disease of horses. It is most often caused by sensitivity to the saliva of spp. of biting midges; however, it can also be caused by hypersensitivity to other insect species. The prevalence of IBH in horses is reported to be as high as 60% in some parts of the world. Due to the severe pruritus and effects of secondary self-trauma, IBH has animal welfare concerns, and there is currently no cure. Management of this condition is life-long, time consuming and costly. New grading systems to document disease severity are being validated, which will allow the comparison of clinical trial results of new and existing therapies. Management involves the minimisation of insect bites by use of stabling, fans, rugs and repellents. Symptomatic therapy involves the administration of systemic or topical corticosteroids, systemic antihistamines, and creams and sprays to promote skin healing and decrease inflammation. New immune-mediated therapeutics including vaccines, in addition to desensitisation procedures, show promise at controlling hypersensitivity reactions. This article will review aetiologic agents, pathophysiology, scoring systems and current and new therapies.
昆虫叮咬超敏反应（IBH，昆士兰瘙痒症、甜痒症、马夏季湿疹）是马最常见的瘙痒性疾病。它最常由对蠓属昆虫唾液的敏感性引起；然而，也可能由对其他昆虫种类的超敏反应引起。据报道，在世界某些地区，马的IBH患病率高达60%。由于严重瘙痒和继发性自我创伤的影响，IBH存在动物福利问题，目前尚无治愈方法。这种病症的管理是终身的，耗时且成本高昂。记录疾病严重程度的新分级系统正在得到验证，这将有助于比较新疗法和现有疗法的临床试验结果。管理措施包括通过使用马厩、风扇、毯子和驱虫剂来尽量减少昆虫叮咬。对症治疗包括给予全身性或局部皮质类固醇、全身性抗组胺药以及促进皮肤愈合和减轻炎症的乳膏和喷雾剂。除脱敏程序外，包括疫苗在内的新型免疫介导疗法在控制超敏反应方面显示出前景。本文将综述病因、病理生理学、评分系统以及当前和新的治疗方法。
