Division of Acute Care Surgery (Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, 2051 Marengo Street, IPT - C5L100, Los Angeles, CA 90033-4525, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2014 Feb;61(1):111-30. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2013.09.016. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
The spectrum of blunt cardiac trauma ranges from asymptomatic myocardial contusion to fatal cardiac arrhythmias and/or cardiac rupture. Although cardiac rupture is common in fatal traffic accidents, these patients rarely reach hospital care. Insignificant blunt cardiac injury during sports may cause fatal arrhythmia in teens. Penetrating cardiac trauma is fairly common in the United States, encountered frequently in major urban centers. Most cases are dead at the scene and never reach hospital. The incidence of cardiac sequelae in survivors is high, and these patients should be evaluated with early and late echocardiography to detect anatomic or functional cardiac involvement.
钝性心脏创伤的范围从无症状性心肌挫伤到致命性心律失常和/或心脏破裂。尽管心脏破裂在致命性交通事故中很常见,但这些患者很少能到达医院治疗。在运动中发生的轻微钝性心脏损伤可能会导致青少年发生致命性心律失常。在美国,穿透性心脏创伤相当常见,在主要城市中心经常遇到。大多数情况下,这些患者在现场死亡,从未到达医院。幸存者中心脏后遗症的发生率很高,这些患者应通过早期和晚期超声心动图进行评估,以检测解剖或功能心脏受累。