老年人的肛肠生理学和病理生理学。
Anorectal physiology and pathophysiology in the elderly.
机构信息
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
出版信息
Clin Geriatr Med. 2014 Feb;30(1):95-106. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2013.10.003.
Abstract
Anorectal medical disorders facing the elderly include fecal incontinence, fecal impaction with overflow fecal incontinence, chronic constipation, dyssynergic defecation, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, and pelvic floor disorders. This article discusses the latest advances in age-related changes in morphology and function of anal sphincter, changes in cellular and molecular biology, alterations in neurotransmitters and reflexes, and their impact on functional changes of the anorectum in the elderly. These biophysiologic changes have implications for the pathophysiology of anorectal disorders. A clear understanding and working knowledge of the functional anatomy and pathophysiology will enable appropriate diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
摘要
老年人肛肠医学疾病包括粪便失禁、粪便嵌塞伴溢出性粪便失禁、慢性便秘、排便协同失调、痔疮、肛裂和盆底功能障碍。本文讨论了与年龄相关的肛门括约肌形态和功能变化、细胞和分子生物学变化、神经递质和反射变化的最新进展，以及它们对老年人肛肠功能变化的影响。这些生物物理变化对肛肠疾病的病理生理学有影响。对功能解剖学和病理生理学的清晰理解和掌握将有助于对这些疾病进行适当的诊断和治疗。
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