Department of Biochemistry, Kurnool Medical College, 518 002, Kurnool, AP, India.
Neurochem Res. 1977 Dec;2(6):639-55. doi: 10.1007/BF00963777.
Acute effects of intraperitoneal administration of ammonium chloride (200 mg/kg) on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and amino acid content of the glutamate family (glutamate, aspartate, alanine, glutamine, and GABA), as well as the enzymes involved in the metabolism of these amino acids, have been studied in the different regions of brain and liver in mice. A significant increase in the activity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase was observed in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and brain stem. A similar increase in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was observed in the brain stem, while a moderate increase in the activity of this enzyme was observed in the cerebral cortex and liver in the mice treated with ammonium chloride. In all three regions of brain, a 50% decrease was observed in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, while the activity of aspartate aminotransferase significantly rose in the brain stem. The activity of glutamine synthetase did not change much in the three regions of brain, and a significant fall was registered in the liver. The activity of tyrosine aminotransferase showed a rise in the cerebellum, brain stem, and in liver. Not much change was observed in the protein content in either brain or liver, whereas there was a 1.5-fold increase in the total RNA content in the liver of the animals treated with ammonium chloride. Under the experimental conditions, there was an increase only in the content of glutamine, of all the amino acids tested, in the cerebral cortex and liver. Similar results were obtained with homogenates of tissues enriched with ammonium chloride (in vitro) for the enzyme systems studied. These results are discussed, and the probable metabolic and functional significance of ammonia in brain is indicated.
研究了腹腔内给予氯化铵（200mg/kg）对小鼠脑和肝不同区域的 Na(+)，K(+)-ATP 酶和谷氨酸族氨基酸（谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺和 GABA）含量以及参与这些氨基酸代谢的酶的急性影响。在小脑、大脑皮层和脑干中观察到 Na(+)，K(+)-ATP 酶的活性显著增加。在脑干中观察到谷氨酸脱氢酶的活性相似增加，而在脑皮层和肝脏中观察到中等程度的增加。在三种脑区中，丙氨酸氨基转移酶的活性下降了 50%，而天冬氨酸氨基转移酶的活性在脑干中显著升高。谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性在三种脑区中变化不大，而在肝脏中显著下降。酪氨酸氨基转移酶的活性在小脑、脑干和肝脏中升高。脑和肝的蛋白质含量没有太大变化，而用氯化铵处理的动物肝中总 RNA 含量增加了 1.5 倍。在实验条件下，在所测试的所有氨基酸中，只有谷氨酸的含量在大脑皮层和肝脏中增加。用富含氯化铵的组织匀浆（体外）进行的酶系统研究也得到了类似的结果。讨论了这些结果，并指出了氨在大脑中的可能代谢和功能意义。
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