Yildiz Fusun, Dursun Adile Berna, Disçi Rian
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Kocaeli University School Of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Clin Respir J. 2014 Jul;8(3):350-6. doi: 10.1111/crj.12079. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
Although both asthma and smoking are major health problems worldwide, smokers are often excluded from asthma studies.
It was aimed to verify the prevalence of asthmatic smokers in Turkey and assess the effects of smoking based on clinical parameters, exacerbations and hospitalizations because of lack of national data about the prevalence of smoking among asthmatics.
The study protocol was comprised of a retrospective questionnaire. The asthmatic patients were followed in the outpatient clinics of 18 tertiary hospitals selected from seven different geographical regions in Turkey. We evaluated demographic data, smoking habits, asthma-related diseases, respiratory function and emergency visits.
The study population included 1385 patients (M/F: 343/1042), and the mean age was 45.1 ± 14.0 years. Current and former smoking prevalence was 11.4% and 15.1%, respectively. Smoker rates were higher in males and younger asthmatics compared with females and older asthmatics (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Smoking history ranged from 0.20 to 90 pack-years (the mean was 12.9), and smokers had a higher level of education compared with nonsmokers (P < 0.01). Socioeconomically, the most developed region had the highest rate of smoker asthmatics (33.9%; P = 0.014). There was an increase in the number of exacerbations in smoker asthmatics during the previous year, but it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
We showed that the smoking prevalence in Turkey was lower in asthmatics (11.4%) compared with the general population (44.5%). Nevertheless, every effort should be made to encourage asthmatics to stop smoking because smoking is a modifiable risk factor for adverse asthma health outcomes.
尽管哮喘和吸烟都是全球范围内的主要健康问题，但吸烟者往往被排除在哮喘研究之外。
由于缺乏关于哮喘患者中吸烟流行率的国家数据，旨在核实土耳其哮喘吸烟者的患病率，并根据临床参数、病情加重情况及因哮喘住院情况评估吸烟的影响。
研究方案包括一份回顾性调查问卷。对从土耳其七个不同地理区域选取的18家三级医院门诊的哮喘患者进行随访。我们评估了人口统计学数据、吸烟习惯、哮喘相关疾病、呼吸功能及急诊就诊情况。
研究人群包括1385例患者（男/女：343/1042），平均年龄为45.1±14.0岁。当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者的患病率分别为11.4%和15.1%。与女性和老年哮喘患者相比，男性和年轻哮喘患者的吸烟率更高（分别为P<0.01和P<0.05）。吸烟史从0.20至90包年（平均为12.9），吸烟者的受教育程度高于非吸烟者（P<0.01）。在社会经济方面，最发达地区哮喘吸烟者的比例最高（33.9%；P=0.014）。上一年度哮喘吸烟者病情加重次数有所增加，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
我们发现，与普通人群（44.5%）相比，土耳其哮喘患者中的吸烟患病率较低（11.4%）。然而，应尽一切努力鼓励哮喘患者戒烟，因为吸烟是哮喘不良健康结局的一个可改变的风险因素。
