Schwick H G, Haupt H
Behring Inst Mitt. 1986 Jun(80):1-10.
Almost 50 years ago the term acute phase serum was used for the first time by Avery and his colleagues to characterize serum from patients in an acute state with inflammatory diseases and which contained C-reactive protein. In the meantime a variety of proteins was detected in human blood plasma which are subject to the acute phase response. About a fifth of the until today more than hundred isolated and well characterized plasma proteins are to be classified as acute phase proteins. In human plasma they exist in many various quantities. There is no functional relationship among acute phase proteins. They partly belong to the coagulation system or to the complement system or they are transport proteins and inhibitors. There's also no relationship regarding their physico-chemical properties. The majority of the acute phase proteins are glycoproteins of different molecular weight. However, CRP and SAA, which serum concentration can rise to one thousandfold above normal during an acute inflammatory process, are pure polypeptides. The interpretation of the present knowledge about the functional activities of the acute phase proteins has led to the opinion that they probably all play a role during inflammatory processes. It is believed that the acute phase response represents a physiological mechanism which provides the site of inflammation via the tissue fluid with increased concentrations of these proteins. The majority of the acute phase proteins is synthesized in hepatocytes. The stimulation of the synthesis is probably mediated through cytokines (IL1) which are released from macrophages at the site of tissue damage.
大约50年前，艾弗里及其同事首次使用“急性期血清”一词来描述患有炎症性疾病的急性期患者的血清，这种血清含有C反应蛋白。与此同时，在人血浆中检测到了多种受急性期反应影响的蛋白质。在迄今已分离并充分表征的一百多种血浆蛋白中，约五分之一可归类为急性期蛋白。它们在人血浆中的含量各不相同。急性期蛋白之间不存在功能关系。它们部分属于凝血系统或补体系统，或者是转运蛋白和抑制剂。它们在物理化学性质上也没有关联。大多数急性期蛋白是不同分子量的糖蛋白。然而，C反应蛋白（CRP）和血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）在急性炎症过程中血清浓度可升至正常水平的一千倍以上，它们是纯多肽。对目前关于急性期蛋白功能活性的认识进行解读后得出的观点是，它们可能在炎症过程中都发挥作用。据信，急性期反应是一种生理机制，通过组织液为炎症部位提供这些蛋白浓度升高的环境。大多数急性期蛋白在肝细胞中合成。合成的刺激可能是通过细胞因子（白细胞介素-1）介导的，这些细胞因子由组织损伤部位的巨噬细胞释放。
