Ghavamzadeh Saeid, Khalkhali Hamid Reza, Alizadeh Mohammad
Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2013 Sep;31(3):334-42. doi: 10.3329/jhpn.v31i3.16825.
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity (OAO) and associated risk factors in a representative sample of students aged 11-20 years in Urmia, Iran. In this population-based cross-sectional study, a multistage random cluster-sampling method was used, through which 2,498 students were selected. OAO were defined based on criteria set by the US Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the US Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion under the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). OAO risk factors were assessed using a questionnaire containing questions about TV viewing, nutrition, physical activities (PA), social and economic factors. Contents of the questionnaire were validated by calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI), based on the responses elicited from 15 experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained from a test and re-test of the questionnaire completed by 15 students. To analyze the data, x2-test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. The prevalence of OAO was found to be 14.1% among the 11-20 years old students of junior and senior high schools. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the educational level of mothers, type of school, and the time spent on viewing TV were associated with an increased risk of OAO while obesogenic foods and PA had no effect on the frequency of OAO [Odds ratio (OR) for the time spent on watching TV one hour more than usual equals 1.27 at p=0.001]. The direct correlation between TV viewing and OAO, which is independent of PA and obesogenic foods, needs to be carefully investigated through randomized clinical trials and cohort studies.
本研究旨在估算伊朗乌尔米耶市11至20岁学生代表性样本中超重与肥胖（超重和肥胖）的患病率及相关风险因素。在这项基于人群的横断面研究中，采用了多阶段随机整群抽样方法，共选取了2498名学生。超重和肥胖根据美国卫生统计中心与疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）下属的美国慢性病预防与健康促进中心共同制定的标准来定义。使用一份包含有关看电视、营养、体育活动（PA）、社会和经济因素问题的问卷来评估超重和肥胖的风险因素。问卷内容通过计算内容效度比（CVR）和内容效度指数（CVI）进行验证，这些数据来自15位专家的回答。问卷的信度通过15名学生完成问卷的重测获得。为分析数据，进行了卡方检验、t检验和多元逻辑回归分析。在11至20岁的初中和高中学生中，超重和肥胖的患病率为14.1%。多元逻辑回归分析结果表明，母亲的教育水平、学校类型以及看电视的时间与超重和肥胖风险增加相关，而致胖食物和体育活动对超重和肥胖的发生率没有影响[比平常多看一小时电视的比值比（OR）在p = 0.001时等于1.27]。看电视与超重和肥胖之间的直接关联独立于体育活动和致胖食物，需要通过随机临床试验和队列研究进行仔细调查。
