Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Canada.
Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, Canada.
Addict Behav. 2014 Mar;39(3):497-506. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.006. Epub 2013 Nov 10.
Sport participation can play an important and positive role in the health and development of children and youth. One area that has recently been receiving greater attention is the role that sport participation might play in preventing drug and alcohol use among youth. The current study is a systematic review of 17 longitudinal studies examining the relationship between sport participation and alcohol and drug use among adolescents. Results indicated that sport participation is associated with alcohol use, with 82% of the included studies (14/17) showing a significant positive relationship. Sport participation, however, appears to be related to reduced illicit drug use, especially use of non-cannabis related drugs. Eighty percent of the studies found sport participation associated with decreased illicit drug use, while 50% of the studies found negative association between sport participation and marijuana use. Further investigation revealed that participation in sports reduced the risk of overall illicit drug use, but particularly during high school; suggesting that this may be a critical period to reduce or prevent the use of drugs through sport. Future research must better understand what conditions are necessary for sport participation to have beneficial outcomes in terms of preventing alcohol and/or illicit drug use. This has been absent in the extent literature and will be central to intervention efforts in this area.
参与体育运动对儿童和青少年的健康和成长起着重要且积极的作用。最近，人们越来越关注体育运动在预防青少年吸毒和酗酒方面可能发挥的作用。本研究对 17 项纵向研究进行了系统回顾，以检验运动参与与青少年饮酒和吸毒之间的关系。结果表明，运动参与与饮酒有关，其中 82%的研究（14/17）表明两者之间存在显著的正相关关系。然而，运动参与似乎与减少非法药物的使用有关，尤其是与大麻以外的药物的使用有关。80%的研究发现运动参与与减少非法药物的使用有关，而 50%的研究发现运动参与与大麻的使用呈负相关。进一步的研究表明，运动参与降低了整体非法药物使用的风险，但在高中期间尤为明显；这表明这可能是一个关键时期，可以通过运动减少或预防药物的使用。未来的研究必须更好地理解，在预防酒精和/或非法药物使用方面，运动参与需要具备哪些条件才能产生有益的结果。目前，这方面的文献还不够充分，这将是该领域干预措施的核心。
