School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
J Anxiety Disord. 2014 Mar;28(2):223-9. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.10.005. Epub 2013 Nov 2.
Traumatic experiences can have a powerful impact on individuals and communities but the relationship between perceptions of beneficial and pathological outcomes are not known. Therefore, this meta-analysis examined both the strength and the linearity of the relationship between symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and perceptions of posttraumatic growth (PTG) as well as identifying the potential moderating roles of trauma type and age. Literature searches of all languages were conducted using the ProQuest, Wiley Interscience, ScienceDirect, Informaworld and Web of Science databases. Linear and quadratic (curvilinear) rs as well as βs were analysed. Forty-two studies (N = 11,469) that examined both PTG and symptoms of PTSD were included in meta-analytic calculations. The combined studies yielded a significant linear relationship between PTG and PTSD symptoms (r = 0.315, CI = 0.299, 0.331), but also a significantly stronger (as tested by Fisher's transformation) curvilinear relationship (r =0.372, CI = 0.353, 0.391). The strength and linearity of these relationships differed according to trauma type and age. The results remind those working with traumatised people that positive and negative post-trauma outcomes can co-occur. A focus only on PTSD symptoms may limit or slow recovery and mask the potential for growth.
创伤性经历会对个人和社区产生深远的影响，但人们对于创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状和创伤后成长（PTG）感知之间的有益和病态结果的关系并不清楚。因此，本元分析考察了 PTSD 症状和创伤后成长感知之间的关系的强度和线性，以及确定创伤类型和年龄的潜在调节作用。使用 ProQuest、Wiley Interscience、ScienceDirect、Informaworld 和 Web of Science 数据库对所有语言的文献进行了检索。分析了线性和二次（曲线）rs 和 βs。有 42 项研究（N=11469）同时考察了创伤后成长和 PTSD 症状，这些研究被纳入元分析计算。综合研究显示，PTG 和 PTSD 症状之间存在显著的线性关系（r=0.315，CI=0.299，0.331），但也存在显著更强的曲线关系（r=0.372，CI=0.353，0.391）。这些关系的强度和线性根据创伤类型和年龄而有所不同。研究结果提醒那些与创伤者打交道的人，积极和消极的创伤后结果可以同时发生。仅关注 PTSD 症状可能会限制或减缓恢复，并掩盖成长的潜力。
