Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Mar;21(5):3880-90. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2376-4. Epub 2013 Nov 29.
The concentration of selected heavy metals, like As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn as well as B, was measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in groundwater samples from various locations in the Gulf of Khambhat (GoK), an inlet of the Arabian Sea in the state of Gujarat, India, during post-monsoon, winter, and pre-monsoon seasons in a year. Most heavy elements are characterized by low mobility under slightly alkaline and reducing conditions; concentrations in confined aquifers are smaller than the maximum permissible values for drinking water. The temporal changes indicate that a majority of metals is entering the aquifer during monsoon. Principle component analysis of the heavy metal data suggests that Co, Cu, Cd, and Zn are interrelated with each other and derived significantly from anthropogenic route, while input of Pb and Cr may be due to atmospheric deposition in the study area. Both weathering of rocks and anthropogenic input were found to be main sources of elements in the groundwater. The heavy metal levels in groundwaters of the GoK region in comparison with some of the European and Asian sites were higher; however, these metal levels were found to be comparable with few urban sites in the world.
在印度古吉拉特邦阿拉伯海入口处的坎贝湾（GoK），我们在季风后、冬季和季风前三个季节，利用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）对来自不同地点的地下水样本进行了检测，以确定所选重金属（如砷、钴、铬、铜、铁、锰、镍、铅和锌）以及硼的浓度。大多数重金属元素在弱碱性和还原条件下的迁移性较差；在封闭含水层中的浓度小于饮用水的最大允许值。时间变化表明，大多数金属在季风期间进入含水层。对重金属数据的主成分分析表明，钴、铜、镉和锌相互关联，主要来自人为途径，而铅和铬的输入可能是由于研究区域的大气沉积。岩石风化和人为输入都被发现是地下水元素的主要来源。与一些欧洲和亚洲的地点相比，GoK 地区地下水的重金属含量更高；然而，这些金属水平与世界上少数几个城市地点相当。
