Department of Health Promotion and Human Performance, University of Toledo, 43606, Toledo, Ohio.
J Youth Adolesc. 1986 Dec;15(6):461-74. doi: 10.1007/BF02146088.
The present study examined adolescents' actual and perceived weights in relation to why adolescents think they weigh what they do, where adolescents obtain weight control information, and adolescents' weight locus of control. The study was conducted in a Midwestern high school, based on information obtaind from 194 freshmen. Thirty percent of the adolescents perceived their weight category inaccurately when compared to their actual weight and height. One-third of those who were thin, one-half of those who were normal weight, and two-thirds of those who were heavy had been exercising during the past six months to control or lose weight. Six percent of the thin, 41% of the normal weight, and 56% of the heavy students had dieted within the past six months to control or lose weight. The leading sources of weight control information were television, family, friends, and magazines. Teachers were identified as sources of information by less than 10% of the students. Mother, family, and friends were identified as those most helpful in adolescents' attempts to lose weight. Significant chi-square differences were found between weight locus of control orientations and actual and perceived weight categories. Finally, a multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze adolescents' perceptions of weighing what they do. Eat too much vs too little and exercise too much vs too little were the two reasons identified that were statistically significant. The information obtained from this study may be useful in designing and implementing weight control and nutritional programs for adolescents. For many of the adolescents, their perceptions were different from reality.
本研究考察了青少年的实际体重和感知体重，以及他们认为自己体重的原因、获取体重控制信息的来源和体重控制的心理因素。该研究在中西部的一所高中进行，基于从 194 名新生那里获得的信息。与实际身高相比，30%的青少年对自己的体重类别存在不准确的感知。三分之一的瘦青少年、二分之一的正常体重青少年和三分之二的超重青少年在过去六个月中通过锻炼来控制或减轻体重。过去六个月内，6%的瘦青少年、41%的正常体重青少年和 56%的超重青少年通过节食来控制或减轻体重。控制体重信息的主要来源是电视、家庭、朋友和杂志。不到 10%的学生认为教师是信息来源。母亲、家庭和朋友被认为是青少年减肥过程中最有帮助的人。体重控制心理因素与实际和感知体重类别之间存在显著的卡方差异。最后，使用多元方差分析来分析青少年对体重的感知。吃太多和吃太少以及锻炼太多和锻炼太少是两个具有统计学意义的原因。从这项研究中获得的信息可能有助于为青少年设计和实施体重控制和营养计划。对于许多青少年来说，他们的感知与现实不同。
