Song Hee-Jung, Grutzmacher Stephanie K, Kostenko Jane
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Maryland, 3301 Marie Mount Hall, College Park, MD, USA,
J Community Health. 2014 Jun;39(3):446-53. doi: 10.1007/s10900-013-9796-4.
The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptual gap between self-perceived weight and body mass index (BMI), and to assess the knowledge gap between perceived importance of following dietary guidelines and health literacy levels. Adults (n = 131) eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) were interviewed at eleven SNAP regional offices in Maryland. Based on BMI calculated from self-reported height and weight, 65.6% of participants were overweight or obese while 40.5% perceived that they were overweight or obese. In sub-group analysis categorized by BMI, only 20.0% in the overweight and 20.0% in the obese group correctly perceived themselves as being overweight or obese. Following dietary guidelines was perceived as important by a majority of participants, but only 43.5% had adequate health literacy. Conceptual and knowledge gaps between self-perception and objective health status existed in the low-income SNAP-eligible sample. Future studies need to address these gaps because misperceived weight status and insufficient health literacy are critical barriers to inducing behavioral change.
本研究的目的是检验自我认知体重与体重指数（BMI）之间的概念差距，并评估遵循饮食指南的感知重要性与健康素养水平之间的知识差距。在马里兰州的11个补充营养援助计划（SNAP）地区办事处，对符合SNAP资格的成年人（n = 131）进行了访谈。根据自我报告的身高和体重计算出的BMI，65.6%的参与者超重或肥胖，而40.5%的人认为自己超重或肥胖。在按BMI分类的亚组分析中，超重组中只有20.0%、肥胖组中只有20.0%的人正确地意识到自己超重或肥胖。大多数参与者认为遵循饮食指南很重要，但只有43.5%的人具备足够的健康素养。在符合SNAP资格的低收入样本中，自我认知与客观健康状况之间存在概念和知识差距。未来的研究需要解决这些差距，因为体重状况的错误认知和健康素养不足是引发行为改变的关键障碍。
