Department of Biogeography, University of Moscow, USSR.
Theor Appl Genet. 1980 Mar;57(2):65-74. doi: 10.1007/BF00276404.
Plant domestication is stimulated by economic demands. Crop plant formation is controlled primarily by natural selection in cultivation; artificial selection is only a useful addition. The ecotypical nature of the initial material has great bearing on the success of domestication. The weeds of a convergent group were well adapted to being cultivated; weeds of a divergent group can be domesticated only with difficulty. Wild plants in nature are extremely varied ecotypically: some can be domesticated easily, others with difficulty. Some wild plants and weeds can be cultivated without genetic change (naturalization), while a genetic transmutation is necessary for the domestication of others (acclimatization). New domesticated ecotypes can be produced: 1. as a result of reconstruction of the initial populations and new ecotype synthesis on the basis of individual genotypes; 2. by means of hybridization of wild or weed initial genotypes with cultivated ones; 3. by use of new mutations in cultivation and further plant breeding.
植物驯化受到经济需求的刺激。作物的形成主要受栽培中的自然选择控制；人工选择只是一种有用的补充。初始材料的生态型特征对驯化的成功有很大影响。趋同群的杂草很适应栽培；而趋异群的杂草则很难驯化。自然界中的野生植物在生态型上非常多样化：有些很容易驯化，有些则很难。一些野生植物和杂草可以在没有遗传变化的情况下被栽培（归化），而其他植物则需要遗传变异才能被驯化（驯化）。新的驯化生态型可以产生：1. 通过重建初始种群和基于个体基因型的新生态型合成；2. 通过野生或杂草初始基因型与栽培基因型的杂交；3. 通过在栽培和进一步植物育种中利用新的突变。
