Mastenbroek N J J M, Jaarsma A D C, Demerouti E, Muijtjens A M M, Scherpbier A J J A, van Beukelen P
Department of Chair Quality Improvement in Veterinary Education, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80163, Utrecht 3508TD, The Netherlands.
Vet Rec. 2014 Feb 8;174(6):144. doi: 10.1136/vr.101762. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
With the aim to assess levels of burnout and work engagement in junior veterinarians and identify predictors of burnout and work engagement in male and female veterinarians, 1760 veterinarians who had graduated in The Netherlands between 1999 and 2009, received an electronic questionnaire. Veterinarians numbering 860 (73 per cent females) participated. Levels of exhaustion, cynicism and work engagement were significantly lower compared to the norm group (a random sample of the Dutch working population). Male veterinarians were less exhausted and more engaged than female veterinarians. Exhaustion decreased over the years. Job demands positively related to exhaustion were work-home interference and workload. Job resources positively related to work engagement were opportunities for professional development and skills discretion (ie, the ability to use and develop skills on the job. Personal resources explained more of the variance in work engagement of female and male veterinarians (31 per cent and 42 per cent) than of the variance in exhaustion (19 per cent and 21 per cent) and cynicism (19 per cent and 10 per cent). Personal resources positively related to work engagement were self-efficacy and proactive behaviour. Relative importance analysis revealed differences between men and women in the importance of various job demands, job resources and personal resources in explaining burnout and engagement in young veterinary professionals.
为了评估初级兽医的职业倦怠和工作投入水平，并确定男女兽医职业倦怠和工作投入的预测因素，1760名于1999年至2009年在荷兰毕业的兽医收到了一份电子问卷。860名兽医（73%为女性）参与了调查。与正常组（荷兰工作人群的随机样本）相比，疲惫、玩世不恭和工作投入水平显著更低。男性兽医比女性兽医疲惫程度更低且工作投入程度更高。多年来疲惫程度有所下降。与疲惫呈正相关的工作要求是工作-家庭干扰和工作量。与工作投入呈正相关的工作资源是专业发展机会和技能自主权（即在工作中运用和发展技能的能力）。个人资源对男女兽医工作投入差异的解释力（分别为31%和42%）高于对疲惫差异（分别为19%和21%）和玩世不恭差异（分别为19%和10%）的解释力。与工作投入呈正相关的个人资源是自我效能感和积极主动行为。相对重要性分析揭示了在解释年轻兽医专业人员的职业倦怠和工作投入方面，男女在各种工作要求、工作资源和个人资源的重要性上存在差异。
