W.P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874006, Tempe, AZ 85287-4006, USA.
J Appl Psychol. 2011 Jan;96(1):71-94. doi: 10.1037/a0021484.
In this article, we develop and meta-analytically test the relationship between job demands and resources and burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes in the workplace. In a meta-analysis of 203 independent samples (N = 186,440), we found support for a health impairment process and for a motivational process as mechanisms through which job demands and resources relate to safety outcomes. In particular, we found that job demands such as risks and hazards and complexity impair employees' health and positively relate to burnout. Likewise, we found support for job resources such as knowledge, autonomy, and a supportive environment motivating employees and positively relating to engagement. Job demands were found to hinder an employee with a negative relationship to engagement, whereas job resources were found to negatively relate to burnout. Finally, we found that burnout was negatively related to working safely but that engagement motivated employees and was positively related to working safely. Across industries, risks and hazards was the most consistent job demand and a supportive environment was the most consistent job resource in terms of explaining variance in burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes. The type of job demand that explained the most variance differed by industry, whereas a supportive environment remained consistent in explaining the most variance in all industries.
本文旨在探讨工作中的工作要求和资源与倦怠、投入和安全结果之间的关系，并进行元分析检验。在对 203 个独立样本（N=186440）的元分析中，我们为工作要求和资源与安全结果之间的关系提供了健康损害过程和激励过程的机制支持。具体而言，我们发现，风险和危害、复杂性等工作要求会损害员工的健康，并与倦怠呈正相关。同样，我们也支持知识、自主性和支持性环境等工作资源激励员工，并与投入呈正相关。工作要求与投入呈负相关，而工作资源与倦怠呈负相关。最后，我们发现倦怠与安全工作呈负相关，而投入则激励员工，与安全工作呈正相关。在各个行业中，风险和危害是最一致的工作要求，支持性环境是最一致的工作资源，可以解释倦怠、投入和安全结果的差异。解释差异最大的工作要求因行业而异，而支持性环境在所有行业中都保持一致，解释差异最大。
