Bohuon Anaïs
UFR STAPS, Université Paris Sud.
Gesnerus. 2013;70(1):111-26.
End of the 19th century France is characterized by a wave of hygiene campaigns corresponding to a dominant depopulation phenomenon. It is in this context that a law is introduced in 1880 which stipulates that gymnastics should be taught in all boy's schools: the "loi George", whose provisions are soon extended to girls. Female physical and sports practice is thus structured politically and scientifically as a project of quantitative and qualitative regeneration of "race", based on the Lamarckian idea according to which health and physical improvement of the individual is transmitted to their descendants. This paper describes the socio-historical conditions of the construction of medical discourses about female physical and sports practice as well as their plurality and foundation, from 1880 to 1920, when the First Medical Congress on child and female Physical Education took place. Ambiguities, tensions, and contradictions of the politics of health and regeneration of the female body through physical and sports practice are analyzed.
19世纪末的法国，其特点是掀起了一波与主导的人口减少现象相对应的卫生运动浪潮。正是在这种背景下，1880年出台了一项法律，规定所有男校都应教授体操：即“乔治法”，其条款很快也适用于女生。因此，女性体育实践在政治和科学上被构建为一个基于拉马克主义思想的“种族”数量和质量再生项目，根据该思想，个人的健康和身体改善会遗传给后代。本文描述了1880年至1920年第一届儿童与女性体育教育医学大会召开期间，关于女性体育实践的医学话语构建的社会历史条件，以及这些话语的多元性和基础。分析了通过体育实践实现女性身体的健康与再生政治中的模糊性、紧张关系和矛盾。
