Applied Mammal Research Institute, 23523 47th Avenue, R.R. #7, V3A 4R1, Langley, British Columbia, Canada.
J Chem Ecol. 1985 Jul;11(7):921-35. doi: 10.1007/BF01012078.
The effectiveness of predator odors (fecal and urine) in suppressing feeding damage by black-tailed deer was investigated in pen bioassays at the University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada. A total of eight bioassay trials tested the effects of these odors on deer consumption of salal leaves and coniferous seedlings. Cougar, coyote,and wolf feces as well as coyote, wolf, fox, wolverine, lynx, and bobcat urines provided the most effective suppression of deer feeding damage. Novel odors of ammonia and human urine did not reduce feeding. Predator fecal odor formulations in direct foliar application, adhesive application, and in plastic vials were all effective in suppressing deer feeding. Of all urines tested, coyote provided the most consistent suppression of deer browsing on salal. Deer consumed significantly more untreated Douglas fir and western red cedar seedlings than those protected by coyote urine odor. The active repellent components of predator odors which suppress deer feeding may be suitable for encapsulation in controlled-release devices which could provide long-term protection for forest and agricultural crops.
在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省枫树岭不列颠哥伦比亚大学研究林进行的围栏生物测定中，研究了捕食者的气味（粪便和尿液）对抑制黑尾鹿采食造成的损害的效果。总共进行了八项生物测定试验，以测试这些气味对鹿采食鹿蹄草叶和针叶树苗的影响。猫科动物（美洲狮、郊狼和狼）的粪便以及郊狼、狼、狐狸、狼獾、猞猁和短尾猫的尿液对抑制鹿的采食损害最有效。氨和人尿的新气味并不能减少采食。直接叶面施用、黏附剂施用和塑料小瓶中的捕食者粪便气味制剂都能有效地抑制鹿的采食。在所测试的所有尿液中，郊狼尿液对抑制鹿采食鹿蹄草的效果最为一致。与未用郊狼尿液处理的道格拉斯冷杉和西部红雪松幼苗相比，鹿采食的幼苗明显更多。抑制鹿采食的捕食者气味的有效驱避成分可能适合封装在控释装置中，为森林和农作物提供长期保护。
