Mohd-Redzwan Sabran, Jamaluddin Rosita, Abd-Mutalib Mohd Sokhini, Ahmad Zuraini
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Malaysia.
Front Microbiol. 2013 Nov 13;4:334. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00334.
This mini review article described the exposure of aflatoxin in Malaysia, including its presence in the foodstuffs and the detection of aflatoxin biomarkers in human biological samples. Historically, the exposure of aflatoxin in Malaysia can be dated in 1960s where an outbreak of disease in pig farms caused severe liver damage to the animals. Later, an aflatoxicosis case in Perak in 1988 was reported and caused death to 13 children, as up to 3 mg of aflatoxin was present in a single serving of contaminated noodles. Since then, extensive research on aflatoxin has been conducted in Malaysia. The food commodities such as peanuts, cereals, spices, and their products are the main commodities commonly found to be contaminated with aflatoxin. Surprisingly, some of the contaminated foods had levels greater than the permissible limit adopted by the Malaysian Food Regulation 1985. Besides, exposure assessment through the measurement of aflatoxin biomarkers in human biological samples is still in its infancy stage. Nevertheless, some studies had reported the presence of these biomarkers. In fact, it is postulated that Malaysians are moderately exposed to aflatoxin compared to those high risk populations, where aflatoxin contamination in the diets is prevalent. Since the ingestion of aflatoxin could be the integral to the development of liver cancer, the incidence of cancer attributable by dietary aflatoxin exposure in Malaysia has also been reported and published in the literatures. Regardless of these findings, the more important task is to monitor and control humans from being exposed to aflatoxin. The enforcement of law is insufficient to minimize human exposure to aflatoxin. Preventive strategies include agricultural, dietary, and clinical measures should be implemented. With the current research on aflatoxin in Malaysia, a global networking for research collaboration is needed to expand the knowledge and disseminate the information to the global scientific community.
这篇综述文章描述了马来西亚黄曲霉毒素的暴露情况，包括其在食品中的存在以及在人体生物样本中黄曲霉毒素生物标志物的检测。从历史上看，马来西亚黄曲霉毒素的暴露可追溯到20世纪60年代，当时养猪场爆发的疾病对动物造成了严重的肝脏损伤。后来，1988年霹雳州报告了一起黄曲霉毒素中毒事件，导致13名儿童死亡，因为一份受污染的面条中黄曲霉毒素含量高达3毫克。从那时起，马来西亚对黄曲霉毒素进行了广泛的研究。花生、谷物、香料及其制品等食品是常见的被黄曲霉毒素污染的主要商品。令人惊讶的是，一些受污染食品的含量超过了1985年马来西亚食品法规规定的允许限量。此外，通过测量人体生物样本中的黄曲霉毒素生物标志物进行暴露评估仍处于起步阶段。然而，一些研究报告了这些生物标志物的存在。事实上，据推测，与那些饮食中黄曲霉毒素污染普遍的高风险人群相比，马来西亚人对黄曲霉毒素的暴露程度为中度。由于摄入黄曲霉毒素可能是肝癌发生的一个因素，马来西亚饮食中黄曲霉毒素暴露导致的癌症发病率也已在文献中报道和发表。尽管有这些发现，但更重要的任务是监测和控制人类接触黄曲霉毒素。法律的执行不足以将人类接触黄曲霉毒素的情况降至最低。应实施包括农业、饮食和临床措施在内的预防策略。鉴于目前马来西亚对黄曲霉毒素的研究，需要建立全球研究合作网络，以扩展知识并向全球科学界传播信息。
