National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark; email:
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:425-48. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153657. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
Schizophrenia is often referred to as one of the most severe mental disorders, primarily because of the very high mortality rates of those with the disorder. This article reviews the literature on excess early mortality in persons with schizophrenia and suggests reasons for the high mortality as well as possible ways to reduce it. Persons with schizophrenia have an exceptionally short life expectancy. High mortality is found in all age groups, resulting in a life expectancy of approximately 20 years below that of the general population. Evidence suggests that persons with schizophrenia may not have seen the same improvement in life expectancy as the general population during the past decades. Thus, the mortality gap not only persists but may actually have increased. The most urgent research agenda concerns primary candidates for modifiable risk factors contributing to this excess mortality, i.e., side effects of treatment and lifestyle factors, as well as sufficient prevention and treatment of physical comorbidity.
精神分裂症通常被认为是最严重的精神障碍之一，主要是因为患有这种疾病的人的死亡率非常高。本文回顾了有关精神分裂症患者早期过度死亡的文献，并提出了导致高死亡率的原因以及可能降低死亡率的方法。精神分裂症患者的预期寿命极短。在所有年龄组中都发现了高死亡率，导致预期寿命比普通人群短约 20 年。有证据表明，在过去几十年中，精神分裂症患者的预期寿命可能没有像普通人群那样得到同样的改善。因此，死亡率差距不仅持续存在，而且实际上可能还在扩大。最紧迫的研究议程涉及导致这种过度死亡率的可改变危险因素的主要候选因素，即治疗的副作用和生活方式因素，以及对身体合并症的充分预防和治疗。
