Medical Toxicology Fellow, California Poison Control System - San Francisco Division, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014 Feb;39(1):73-7. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12113. Epub 2013 Dec 8.
Baking soda is a common household product promoted by the manufacturer as an antacid. It contains sodium bicarbonate and has the potential for significant toxicity when ingested in excessive amounts. Characterizing the patterns and outcomes from the misuse of baking soda as a home remedy can guide the clinical assessment and preventative counselling of patients at risk for use of this product.
We conducted a retrospective review of all symptomatic cases involving ingestion and misuse of a baking soda powder product that were reported to the California Poison Control System between the years 2000 and 2012.
Of the 192 cases we identified, 55·8% were female, ages ranged 2 months to 79 years, and the most common reasons for misuse included antacid (60·4%), 'beat a urine drug test' (11·5%) and treat a UTI (4·7%). Most cases (55·2%) had significant symptoms warranting a medical evaluation, whereas 12 patients required hospital admission developed either electrolyte imbalances, metabolic alkalosis or respiratory depression.
Misuse of baking soda can result in serious electrolyte and acid/base imbalances. Patients at highest risk of toxicity may include those who chronically use an antacid, those who use the method to 'beat' urine drug screens, pregnant women and young children. Self-treatment with baking soda as a home remedy may also mask or delay medical care thereby complicating or exacerbating an existing medical problem. We suggest that healthcare providers counsel high-risk patients about the potential complications of misuse of baking soda as a home remedy.
小苏打是一种常见的家用产品，制造商将其宣传为抗酸剂。它含有碳酸氢钠，如果摄入过量，可能会有很大的毒性。描述将小苏打作为家庭补救措施误用的模式和结果，可以指导对有使用该产品风险的患者进行临床评估和预防性咨询。
我们对 2000 年至 2012 年期间向加利福尼亚毒物控制系统报告的所有涉及摄入和滥用小苏打粉产品的有症状病例进行了回顾性研究。
我们确定了 192 例病例，其中 55.8%为女性，年龄在 2 个月至 79 岁之间，最常见的误用原因包括抗酸剂（60.4%）、“通过尿液药物测试”（11.5%）和治疗尿路感染（4.7%）。大多数病例（55.2%）有明显的症状需要进行医学评估，而 12 名需要住院治疗的患者出现了电解质失衡、代谢性碱中毒或呼吸抑制。
小苏打滥用可导致严重的电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱。毒性风险最高的患者可能包括那些长期使用抗酸剂的患者、那些使用该方法来“通过”尿液药物筛查的患者、孕妇和幼儿。将小苏打作为家庭补救措施自行治疗也可能掩盖或延迟医疗护理，从而使现有的医疗问题复杂化或恶化。我们建议医疗保健提供者向高风险患者提供关于滥用小苏打作为家庭补救措施可能产生的并发症的咨询。
