Mackintosh J H, Knight R, Kumar R
Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr (1985). 1986;137(5):165-70.
The use of ethological methods for characterising the non-verbal behaviour of depressed patients and quantifying change during treatment is described. Approximately 150 individual motor patterns--expressions, gestures and movements--have been defined and this element list provides the basis for encoding video-recordings of interactions. Data quality is controlled by inter- and intra-observer comparisons and by a split-screen technique which simultaneously displays a computer animation of a data file and the original video-recording. Two investigations of the characteristics of non-verbal behaviour in Depression are discussed. The first showed that the frequency and duration of many items of behaviour of depressed patients interviewed soon after admission to hospital differed significantly from matched controls. Recordings of an interview at an intermediate point in treatment showed a reduction in these differences and they had disappeared when examined shortly before discharge. The second study was of mothers suffering from Post Natal Depression who were interviewed once. This study provided evidence that quantification of non-verbal behaviour can distinguish between diagnostic subcategories and showed some of the fine detail of behaviour which can be revealed in this way.
本文描述了使用行为学方法来表征抑郁症患者的非语言行为，并量化治疗期间的变化。现已定义了大约150种个体运动模式——表情、手势和动作——这个元素列表为对互动的视频记录进行编码提供了基础。通过观察者间和观察者内比较以及一种分屏技术来控制数据质量，该技术可同时显示数据文件的计算机动画和原始视频记录。文中讨论了两项关于抑郁症非语言行为特征的研究。第一项研究表明，入院后不久接受访谈的抑郁症患者的许多行为项目的频率和持续时间与匹配的对照组有显著差异。在治疗中期进行的一次访谈记录显示，这些差异有所减少，而在出院前不久检查时差异已消失。第二项研究针对的是患有产后抑郁症的母亲，她们只接受了一次访谈。这项研究提供了证据，表明非语言行为的量化可以区分诊断亚类，并展示了通过这种方式可以揭示的一些行为细节。
