Jahn Georg, Braatz Janina
Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany.
Cogn Psychol. 2014 Feb;68:59-97. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2013.11.002. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
In diagnostic reasoning, knowledge about symptoms and their likely causes is retrieved to generate and update diagnostic hypotheses in memory. By letting participants learn about causes and symptoms in a spatial array, we could apply eye tracking during diagnostic reasoning to trace the activation level of hypotheses across a sequence of symptoms and to evaluate process models of diagnostic reasoning directly. Gaze allocation on former locations of symptom classes and possible causes reflected the diagnostic value of initial symptoms, the set of contending hypotheses, consistency checking, biased symptom processing in favor of the leading hypothesis, symptom rehearsal, and hypothesis change. Gaze behavior mapped the reasoning process and was not dominated by auditorily presented symptoms. Thus, memory indexing proved applicable for studying reasoning tasks involving linguistic input. Looking at nothing revealed memory activation because of a close link between conceptual and motor representations and was stable even after one week.
在诊断推理中，有关症状及其可能病因的知识会被提取出来，以在记忆中生成并更新诊断假设。通过让参与者在空间阵列中了解病因和症状，我们可以在诊断推理过程中应用眼动追踪技术，以追踪一系列症状中假设的激活水平，并直接评估诊断推理的过程模型。对症状类别和可能病因先前位置的注视分配反映了初始症状的诊断价值、相互竞争的假设集、一致性检查、偏向主导假设的症状处理、症状复述以及假设改变。注视行为描绘了推理过程，且不受听觉呈现症状的主导。因此，记忆索引被证明适用于研究涉及语言输入的推理任务。由于概念表征和运动表征之间的紧密联系，注视空白处也揭示了记忆激活，并且即使在一周后也很稳定。
