Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,
Curr Diab Rep. 2014 Jan;14(1):452. doi: 10.1007/s11892-013-0452-2.
Gestational diabetes is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased costs, and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the mother. Observational data have shown an association between reduced weight gain, healthy eating, and physical activity and reduced rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite this, most randomized controlled trials of lifestyle interventions to prevent GDM have been negative. Dietary approaches appear to be more successful than exercise or a combination of diet and exercise at decreasing GDM. Reasons for negative studies may include lack of power, lack of intervention uptake, and severity of placenta mediated insulin resistance. Future studies should be powered for a reduction in GDM, monitor lifestyle changes closely, and include a psychological component in the intervention.
妊娠期糖尿病与不良妊娠结局、增加成本以及母亲患 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的长期风险相关。观察性数据表明，体重增加减少、健康饮食和体育活动与降低妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的发病率之间存在关联。尽管如此，大多数预防 GDM 的生活方式干预随机对照试验的结果均为阴性。与运动或饮食和运动相结合的方式相比，饮食方法似乎更能成功降低 GDM 的发病率。阴性研究的原因可能包括缺乏效能、干预措施参与度低以及胎盘介导的胰岛素抵抗的严重程度。未来的研究应该针对 GDM 的减少来进行设计，密切监测生活方式的改变，并在干预措施中纳入心理因素。
