Su Shiliang, Xiao Rui, Li Delong, Hu Yi'na
School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
Environ Manage. 2014 Mar;53(3):636-47. doi: 10.1007/s00267-013-0214-6. Epub 2013 Dec 7.
A comparison of different transportation route types and their combined effects on landscape diversity was conducted within Tiaoxi watershed (China) between 1994 and 2005. Buffer analysis and Mann-Kendall's test were used to quantify the relationships between distance from transportation routes (railway, highway, national, and provincial road) and a family of landscape diversity parameters (Simpson's diversity index, Simpson's evenness index, Shannon's diversity index, and Shannon's evenness index). One-way ANOVA was further applied to compare influences from different route types and their combined effects. Five other landscape metrics (patch density, edge density, area-weighted mean shape index, connectance index, and Euclidean nearest neighbor distance) were also calculated to analyze the associations between landscape diversity and landscape pattern characteristics. Results showed that transportation routes exerted significant impacts on landscape diversity. Impact from railway was comparable to that from highway and national road but was more significant than that from provincial road. The spatial influential range of railway and national road was wider than that of highway and provincial road. Combined effects of routes were nonlinear, and impacts from different route types were more complex than those from the same type. The four landscape diversity metrics were comparably effective at the buffer zone scale. In addition, landscape diversity can be alternatively used to indicate fragmentation, connectivity, and isolation at route buffer scale. This study demonstrates an applicable approach to quantitatively characterize the impacts from transportation routes on landscape patterns and has potential to facilitate route network planning.
1994年至2005年期间，在中国的苕溪流域内，对不同交通路线类型及其对景观多样性的综合影响进行了比较。采用缓冲区分析和曼-肯德尔检验，来量化距交通路线（铁路、公路、国道和省道）的距离与一系列景观多样性参数（辛普森多样性指数、辛普森均匀度指数、香农多样性指数和香农均匀度指数）之间的关系。进一步应用单向方差分析，以比较不同路线类型的影响及其综合效应。还计算了其他五个景观指标（斑块密度、边缘密度、面积加权平均形状指数、连接度指数和欧几里得最近邻距离），以分析景观多样性与景观格局特征之间的关联。结果表明，交通路线对景观多样性产生了显著影响。铁路的影响与公路和国道相当，但比省道更显著。铁路和国道的空间影响范围比公路和省道更广。路线的综合效应是非线性的，不同路线类型的影响比相同类型的影响更为复杂。这四个景观多样性指标在缓冲区尺度上具有相当的有效性。此外，景观多样性可用于在路线缓冲区尺度上指示破碎化、连通性和隔离情况。本研究展示了一种定量表征交通路线对景观格局影响的适用方法，并且有潜力促进路线网络规划。
