U.S. Department of Agriculture, Insect Attractants, Behavior, and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Ressearch Service, 32604, Gainesville, Florida.
J Chem Ecol. 1984 Jul;10(7):1019-27. doi: 10.1007/BF00987510.
Bioassay responses inCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) females to materials derived from fall armyworm (FAW) larvae,Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were most intense for frass and somewhat less intense for larval and pupal cutical materials, scales, exuviae, silk, and oral secretion, with FAW larval hemolymph eliciting only a slight response. The highest percentage of ovipositor probing was caused by frass (100%) and moth scales (90%). Various types of corn-leaf damage when assayed alone did not produce responses as intense as when assayed in combination with frass, cuticle material, and oral secretion. Parasitoid response was somewhat better to frass derived from FAW larvae feeding on corn and peanut leaves than from larvae feeding on the foliage of soybeans, Bermuda grass, cowpeas, or laboratory diet. Hexane and chloroform were better than methanol and water for extracting active material from FAW frass, and chloroform was the best of these solvents for extracting corn leaves. Serial dilutions of frass extracts resulted in a reduction in parasitoid response.
中美洲稻弄蝶（Cotesia marginiventris ）雌虫对取自秋粘虫（FAW）幼虫的材料的生物测定反应最为强烈，对粪便和幼虫及蛹皮材料、鳞片、蜕皮、丝和唾液的反应稍弱，而 FAW 幼虫血淋巴仅引起轻微反应。产卵器探测的最高百分比是由粪便（100%）和蛾鳞片（90%）引起的。当单独测定时，各种类型的玉米叶损伤产生的反应不如与粪便、角质层材料和唾液一起测定时强烈。从中美洲稻弄蝶幼虫取食玉米和花生叶的粪便中提取的活性物质比从中美洲稻弄蝶幼虫取食大豆、百慕大草、豇豆或实验室饲料的粪便中提取的活性物质对寄生蜂的反应要好一些。正己烷和氯仿比甲醇和水更适合从 FAW 粪便中提取活性物质，而氯仿是提取玉米叶的最佳溶剂。粪便提取物的连续稀释导致寄生蜂反应降低。
