Connolly Gregory C, Francis Charles W
1James P. Wilmot Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2013;2013:684-91. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.684.
Cancer-associated thrombosis accounts for almost one-fifth of all cases of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and is a leading cause of death, morbidity, delays in care, and increased costs. Our understanding of risk factors for cancer-associated thrombosis has expanded in recent years, and investigators have begun to use biomarkers and clinical prediction models to identify those cancer patients at greatest risk for VTE. The Khorana Risk Model, which is based on easily obtained biomarkers and clinical factors, has now been validated in several studies. Recent clinical trials of prophylaxis and treatment of VTE in cancer patients are reviewed here. In addition, consensus guidelines and expert opinion regarding management of VTE in specific challenging situations are presented.
癌症相关血栓形成占所有静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）病例的近五分之一，是导致死亡、发病、护理延误及成本增加的主要原因。近年来，我们对癌症相关血栓形成危险因素的认识有所扩展，研究人员已开始使用生物标志物和临床预测模型来识别VTE风险最高的癌症患者。基于易于获取的生物标志物和临床因素的Khorana风险模型现已在多项研究中得到验证。本文对近期癌症患者VTE预防和治疗的临床试验进行了综述。此外，还介绍了在特定具有挑战性情况下VTE管理的共识指南和专家意见。
