Rintamäki Reeta, Kaplas Niina, Männistö Satu, Montonen Jukka, Knekt Paul, Lönnqvist Jouko, Partonen Timo
Reeta Rintamäki, M.D., Ph.D., National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services , Helsinki FI-00271 , Finland.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2014 Aug;68(6):391-400. doi: 10.3109/08039488.2013.851736. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
Mental disorders influence diet and food consumption, but there is a lack of consistent findings.
To investigate food consumption, nutrient intakes and serum metabolic biomarkers in depressive, anxiety and alcohol use disorders in comparison with the remaining from a population-based nationwide sample.
The study was based on the Health 2000 Survey data of which 5504 subjects aged 30 and over (3009 women and 2495 men) were used for the analysis. Depressive disorder, anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders were diagnosed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). The consumption of food and beverage items, and nutrient intakes were measured with a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the concentrations of biomarkers were determined in blood samples.
Overall, no similar differences with both genders were found in the intakes of energy, dietary fibre or macronutrients or in biomarkers in depressive or anxiety disorders. Women suffering from depressed disorder consumed more soft drinks (P = 0.034) and women suffering from anxiety disorders consumed more oils (P = 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.001) and less potatoes (P = 0.002) than the remaining participants. Men suffering from depressive disorder consumed less sweets and chocolate (P = 0.001) and men with anxiety disorder consumed more tea (P = 0.033) compared with the remaining participants. In alcohol use disorders, the intake of carbohydrate was lower in both genders (P = 0.001 for women, P = 0.001 for men).
A difference in the usual diet exists between individuals with alcohol use disorders and the remaining participants on a population level. No consistent difference in both genders between those with depressive or anxiety disorders and the remaining was found.
精神障碍会影响饮食和食物消费，但研究结果缺乏一致性。
在全国性人群样本中，对比患有抑郁、焦虑和酒精使用障碍的人群与其他人群的食物消费、营养素摄入及血清代谢生物标志物情况。
本研究基于“健康2000调查”数据，分析了5504名30岁及以上受试者（3009名女性和2495名男性）。使用复合国际诊断访谈（M-CIDI）诊断抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍和酒精使用障碍。通过经过验证的食物频率问卷测量食物和饮料的消费情况以及营养素摄入量，并测定血样中生物标志物的浓度。
总体而言，抑郁或焦虑障碍患者在能量、膳食纤维或常量营养素摄入以及生物标志物方面，未发现男女之间存在类似差异。与其他参与者相比，患有抑郁障碍的女性饮用更多软饮料（P = 0.034），患有焦虑障碍的女性摄入更多油脂（P = 0.001）、多不饱和脂肪酸（P = 0.001），且土豆摄入量更少（P = 0.002）。与其他参与者相比，患有抑郁障碍的男性食用更少的糖果和巧克力（P = 0.001），患有焦虑障碍的男性饮用更多茶（P = 0.033）。在酒精使用障碍患者中，男女碳水化合物摄入量均较低（女性P = 0.001，男性P = 0.001）。
在人群层面，酒精使用障碍患者与其他参与者的日常饮食存在差异。未发现抑郁或焦虑障碍患者与其他人群在性别上存在一致差异。
