Design and syntheses of highly emissive aminobenzopyrano-xanthene dyes in the visible and far-red regions.

New derivatives of aminobenzopyrano-xanthene (ABPX) dyes have been designed and synthesized with high fluorescence quantum yields in the visible and far-red regions. It was kinetically demonstrated that the structurally rigid conjugation of the xanthene moiety, which is closely related to the reduction of the nonradiative deactivation process, is an effective molecular design for the drastic enhancement of fluorescence emission efficiency.