Evaluating squints in children.

BACKGROUND

Strabismus ('squint') is a common childhood disorder that can cause psychosocial distress and permanent functional disability. Early diagnosis is important to maximise visual rehabilitation and reduce the risk of amblyopia. There is currently no national Australian screening program for strabismus, which makes it important for all general practitioners (GPs) to master practical skills for evaluating this condition. GPs should also be aware of red flags in a history and examination that necessitate prompt investigation and management.

OBJECTIVE

This article reviews practical screening tests to identify childhood strabismus, and discusses a framework for timely intervention.

DISCUSSION

A comprehensive history is used to distinguish between primary and acquired strabismus. The four tests used to screen for stra-bismus are the light reflex test, the red reflex test, the cover test and the uncover test. Any child diagnosed with strabismus should be referred to an ophthalmologist for further assessment.