Psychologist at the Department Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany.
Disasters. 2014 Jan;38(1):62-83. doi: 10.1111/disa.12034.
In the European multi-centre study BeSeCu (Behaviour, Security, Culture), interviews were conducted in seven countries to explore survivors' emotional, behavioural, and cognitive responses during disasters. Interviews, either in groups or one-to-one, were convened according to type of event: collapse of a building; earthquake; fire; flood; and terror attack. The content analysis of interviews resulted in a theoretical framework, describing the course of the events, behavioural responses, and the emotional and cognitive processing of survivors. While the environmental cues and the ability to recognise what was happening varied in different disasters, survivors' responses tended to be more universal across events, and most often were adaptive and non-selfish. Several peri-traumatic factors related to current levels of post-traumatic stress were identified, while memory quantity did not differ as a function of event type or post-traumatic stress. Time since the event had a minor effect on recall. Based on the findings, several suggestions for emergency training are made.
在欧洲多中心研究 BeSeCu（行为、安全、文化）中，在七个国家进行了访谈，以探讨灾难期间幸存者的情绪、行为和认知反应。根据事件类型，以小组或一对一的形式进行访谈：建筑物倒塌；地震；火灾；洪水；和恐怖袭击。访谈的内容分析产生了一个理论框架，描述了事件的过程、行为反应以及幸存者的情绪和认知处理。虽然不同灾难中的环境线索和识别正在发生的事情的能力不同，但幸存者的反应在不同事件中往往更加普遍，而且大多数是适应性的而非自私的。确定了几个与当前创伤后应激水平相关的创伤前因素，而记忆量则不因事件类型或创伤后应激而不同。自事件发生以来的时间对回忆有轻微影响。根据这些发现，为应急培训提出了一些建议。
