Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6363 Forest Park Rd., Suite 651, Dallas, TX 75390-8828, USA.
Rehabil Psychol. 2010 Aug;55(3):241-6. doi: 10.1037/a0020119.
An accumulation of disaster mental health research literature in the last few decades has contributed knowledge to direct disaster mental health interventions. However, no single set of principles can necessarily outline all anticipated mental health needs to be encountered in a particular disaster.
To illustrate how different disaster scenarios may yield a divergence of mental health needs, this article compares mental health findings from two distinctly different studies of two very different populations affected by two very different disasters: directly exposed survivors the Oklahoma City bombing and sheltered evacuees from Hurricane Katrina.
Research on the two disasters reviewed illustrates many facets and complexities of postdisaster mental health needs in different populations in different settings after different types of disasters. The major findings of the Oklahoma City bombing study related to posttraumatic stress disorder and the main findings of the Hurricane Katrina study involved need for treatment of preexisting chronic mental health and substance abuse problems.
The disaster studies in this review diverged in type of disaster, affected populations, setting, and timing of the study, and these studies yielded a divergence of findings. One disaster mental health model clearly cannot adequately describe all postdisaster scenarios.
在过去几十年中，大量灾难心理健康研究文献为直接进行灾难心理健康干预提供了知识。然而，没有一套特定的原则可以概括在特定灾难中可能遇到的所有预期心理健康需求。
为了说明不同的灾难情景如何可能产生不同的心理健康需求，本文比较了两起非常不同的灾难中两个非常不同的人群的心理健康研究结果：直接受灾的俄克拉荷马城爆炸幸存者和卡特里娜飓风的避难所撤离者。
对这两个灾难的研究表明，不同类型的灾难发生后，不同人群在不同环境中存在着许多方面和复杂的灾后心理健康需求。俄克拉荷马城爆炸研究的主要发现与创伤后应激障碍有关，卡特里娜飓风研究的主要发现涉及需要治疗先前存在的慢性心理健康和药物滥用问题。
本综述中的灾难研究在灾难类型、受灾人群、研究地点和研究时间上存在差异，这些研究得出了不同的结果。显然，一个灾难心理健康模型不能充分描述所有的灾后情景。
