Malu K, Ojabo C
Niger J Clin Pract. 2014 Jan-Feb;17(1):106-11. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.122863.
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive error in patients presenting to a private hospital.
Records of all patients who presented at the hospital from 2000 to 2009 with visual acuity (VA) of 6/9 or less and showed improvement in distance vision of one or more lines with refraction were reviewed. The eye with the better presenting visual acuity was used for classifying the patient. The spherical equivalent refraction was used with the formula (sphere plus cylinder/2).
Two thousand eight hundred ninety eight patients were seen at the hospital for various eye problems. Six hundred one (20.7%) patients with distant VA which improved with refraction were considered for this analysis. Two hundred twenty one (36.8%) of patients with refractive error were visually impaired (VA <6/12-3/60). Blindness (<3/60 - none perception of light) was seen in 91 (15.1%) of the patients, seven of whom were aphakic. Best corrected visual acuity increased the number of patients with normal visual acuity from 289 (48.1%) to 579 (96.3%). Overall visual impairment (VI) (<6/12-3/60) was reduced from 221 (36.8%) to 22 (3.6%). Severe visual impairment and blindness were completely eliminated just with refractive correction. Of those with refractive error, there were 35.8% with myopia, 29.5% with hypermetropia and 34.8% with astigmatism. Males had slightly more myopia and astigmatism, and female more hypermetropia though the difference was not statistically significant. Refractive error was seen more among the students 207 (34.4%) and civil servants 189 (31.4%) and least among the artisans 7 (1.2%). Anisometropia of ≤ 1 D, >1-2 D, >2-3 and > 3 D were found in 76.5%, 11.8%, 5% and 5.0% respectively.
The study shows that refractive error is a common cause of VI and myopia is the most common type. It confirms that most of the refractive error can be corrected with off-the-shelf spectacles.
本研究旨在确定前往一家私立医院就诊的患者中屈光不正的患病率及模式。
回顾了2000年至2009年期间在该医院就诊、视力（VA）为6/9或更低且经验光后远视力提高一行或多行的所有患者的记录。以视力较好的眼来对患者进行分类。等效球镜度采用公式（球镜度加柱镜度/2）计算。
该医院共诊治了2898例因各种眼部问题前来就诊的患者。其中601例（20.7%）经验光后远视力有所提高的患者被纳入本分析。屈光不正患者中有221例（36.8%）存在视力损害（VA<6/12 - 3/60）。91例（15.1%）患者失明（<3/60 - 无光感），其中7例为无晶状体眼。最佳矫正视力使视力正常的患者人数从289例（48.1%）增至579例（96.3%）。总体视力损害（VI）（<6/12 - 3/60）从221例（36.8%）降至22例（3.6%）。仅通过屈光矫正就完全消除了严重视力损害和失明。在屈光不正患者中，近视占35.8%，远视占29.5%，散光占34.8%。男性的近视和散光略多，女性的远视略多，不过差异无统计学意义。学生中屈光不正的比例最高，为207例（34.4%），公务员其次，为189例（31.4%），工匠中最少，为7例（1.2%）。等效球镜度差值≤1D、>1 - 2D、>2 - 3D和>3D的屈光参差分别占76.5%、11.8%、5%和5.0%。
该研究表明屈光不正是视力损害的常见原因，且近视是最常见的类型。研究证实大多数屈光不正可用现成的眼镜矫正。
