Schellini Silvana Artioli, Durkin Shane R, Hoyama Erika, Hirai Flavio, Cordeiro Ricardo, Casson Robert J, Selva Dinesh, Padovani Carlos Roberto
Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo State, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2009 Mar-Apr;16(2):90-7. doi: 10.1080/09286580902737524.
To determine the prevalence and demographic associations of refractive error in Botucatu, Brazil.
A population-based, cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted, which involved random, household cluster sampling of an urban Brazilian population in Botucatu. There were 3000 individuals aged 1 to 91 years (mean 38.3) who were eligible to participate in the study. Refractive error measurements were obtained by objective refraction.
Objective refractive error examinations were performed on 2454 residents within this sample (81.8% of eligible participants). The mean age was 38 years (standard deviation (SD) 20.8 years, Range 1 to 91) and females comprised 57.5% of the study population. Myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) < -0.5 dropters (D)) was most prevalent among those aged 30-39 years (29.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 24.8-35.1) and least prevalent among children under 10 years (3.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-7.3). Conversely hypermetropia (SE > 0.5D) was most prevalent among participants under 10 years (86.9%; 95% CI 81.6-91.1) and least prevalent in the fourth decade (32.5%; 95% CI 28.2-37.0). Participants aged 70 years or older bore the largest burden of astigmatism (cylinder at least -0.5D) and anisometropia (difference in SE of > 0.5D) with a prevalence of 71.7% (95% CI 64.8-78.0) 55.0% (95% CI 47.6-62.2) respectively. Myopia and hypermetropia were significantly associated with age in a bimodal manner (P < 0.001), whereas anisometropia and astigmatism increased in line with age (P < 0.001). Multivariate modeling confirmed age-related risk factors for refractive error and revealed several gender, occupation and ethnic-related risk factors.
These results represent previously unreported data on refractive error within this Brazilian population. They signal a need to continue to screen for refractive error within this population and to ensure that people have adequate access to optical correction.
确定巴西博图卡图市屈光不正的患病率及其人口统计学关联因素。
开展了一项基于人群的横断面患病率研究，对巴西博图卡图市的城市人口进行随机整群抽样。共有3000名年龄在1至91岁（平均38.3岁）的个体符合参与该研究的条件。屈光不正测量通过客观验光获得。
对该样本中的2454名居民进行了客观屈光不正检查（占符合条件参与者的81.8%）。平均年龄为38岁（标准差20.8岁，范围1至91岁），女性占研究人群的57.5%。近视（等效球镜度（SE）＜-0.5屈光度（D））在30至39岁人群中最为普遍（29.7%；95%置信区间（CI）24.8 - 35.1），在10岁以下儿童中最不普遍（3.8%；95%置信区间（CI）1.6 - 7.3）。相反，远视（SE＞0.5D）在10岁以下参与者中最为普遍（86.9%；95% CI 81.6 - 91.1），在40岁人群中最不普遍（32.5%；95% CI 28.2 - 37.0）。70岁及以上的参与者散光（柱镜度至少-0.5D）和屈光参差（SE差值＞0.5D）负担最重，患病率分别为71.7%（95% CI 64.8 - 78.0）和55.0%（95% CI 47.6 - 62.2）。近视和远视与年龄呈显著的双峰关联（P＜0.001），而屈光参差和散光随年龄增加（P＜0.001）。多变量模型证实了与年龄相关的屈光不正危险因素，并揭示了一些与性别、职业和种族相关的危险因素。
这些结果代表了该巴西人群中此前未报告的屈光不正数据。它们表明有必要继续对该人群进行屈光不正筛查，并确保人们能够充分获得视力矫正服务。
