Sorantin Erich, Wegmann Helmut, Zaupa Paola, Mentzel Hans-Joachim, Riccabona Michael
Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria.
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria.
Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2013 Dec;23(6):444-53. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1361924. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the consequence of external forces that traumatically injure the brain. Closed head injury is common in children and is estimated to result in 650,000 to 1 million emergency department visits annually with approximately 7,400 deaths in the United States. Mild TBI is the most common form of closed head injury and constitutes 80 to 90% of all the TBI. Cranial computed tomography (cCT) is performed in usually more than 50% of the patients, thus, resulting in an extreme overuse with the inherent risk for inducing malignancies. The purpose of this article is to review current approaches, recommendations, and guidelines on pediatric head trauma with special emphasis on cCT. Therefore, after an overview on classification and TBI scores, diagnostic imaging, and management rules for clinical important TBI, as well as own experience including remarks on cCT technique will be discussed.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是外力对大脑造成创伤性损伤的结果。闭合性颅脑损伤在儿童中很常见，据估计，在美国每年有65万至100万人次因闭合性颅脑损伤前往急诊科就诊，约有7400人死亡。轻度TBI是闭合性颅脑损伤最常见的形式，占所有TBI的80%至90%。超过50%的患者通常会进行头颅计算机断层扫描（cCT），因此，这导致了cCT的过度使用，并存在诱发恶性肿瘤的固有风险。本文的目的是回顾当前关于小儿头部创伤的方法、建议和指南，特别强调cCT。因此，在概述分类和TBI评分、诊断性影像学以及临床重要TBI的管理规则之后，还将讨论个人经验，包括对cCT技术的评论。
